Question 1

Which of the following types of activists would be involved in top-down globalization?
A) agricultural workers in the global south who are employed by Western companies
B) groups promoting globalized capitalism and free trade
C) social protesters who want to stop the spread of corporations around the world
D) angry consumers boycotting specific products that they think are too expensive

Accepted Answer

Groups promoting globalized capitalism and free trade are often involved in top-down globalization, which favors large corporations and government policies that support corporate interests.

Question 2

Pam was explaining bottom-up globalization to her friend Adam. Which of the following would Pam offer when Adam asked for an example of bottom-up globalization efforts?
A) the Hasty Minute Corporation in the process of expanding its business operations internationally
B) a group of major trade and banking organizations working toward developing a common world currency
C) a group of university students who have created a documentary critiquing a company that utilizes illegal immigrants for cheap labour in order to make more profit
D) the "buy more stuff" movement that is doing its part to promote consumerism and keep people employed

Accepted Answer

Bottom-up globalization refers to grassroots efforts by individuals and groups to create global connections and make changes from the ground up. The university students creating a documentary to raise awareness about unethical business practices aligns with this definition, whereas the other options involve larger companies or organizations working to expand their own interests.

Question 3

Carla learned that the T-shirts being sold for $25 at a soccer match were made in a sweatshop by women making one dollar per day. She organized some friends to protest the T-shirt sales and the day became a protest against sweatshops. What other label could we give this protest?
A) global awareness campaign
B) global disruption
C) globalization from above
D) globalization from below

Accepted Answer

This protest can be considered globalization from below, which refers to the grassroots efforts of people to challenge and change the negative impacts of global economic policies and practices. In this case, Carla and her friends are acting as agents of change at the local level to raise awareness about the exploitation of workers in sweatshops, which is a global issue.

Question 4

When Renata moved to Canada, she communicated with her brother via electronic media, but her parents lived in a poor, rural area and did not have access to computers or the Internet. What phenomenon was impeding communication between Renata and her parents?
A) rural exclusion
B) the digital divide
C) diminished digital capacity
D) generational resistance to technology

Accepted Answer

The digital divide refers to the gap between those who have access to modern technology (such as computers and the internet) and those who do not. In this case, Renata's parents lived in a poor, rural area without access to such technology, impeding communication between them and Renata.

Question 5

Jane is a multitasking young adult: she has Facebook, she tweets, and she has a data plan on her cell phone that allows her to access all her Internet and email accounts - she does more sharing and communication with others online than face-to-face. What do sociologists call these social networking groups?
A) Internet addicts
B) escapes from reality
C) blogs
D) virtual communities

Accepted Answer

Sociologists call these social networking groups virtual communities.

Question 6

What example does the text give to illustrate how corporate power, immigrant labour, and international supply lines all play a part in the globalization of fast food, and in what many of us choose to eat?
A) cola soft drinks
B) potato chips
C) the hamburger
D) the submarine sandwich

Accepted Answer

The text specifically mentions the hamburger as an example of how corporate power, immigrant labour, and international supply lines all play a part in the globalization of fast food. It explains how a single hamburger can include ingredients from multiple countries, and how the fast food industry has shaped the global demand for meat.

Question 7

In an effort to encourage investment, the president of Country X reduced tariffs, making the country more attractive to Company Y, which came in and built a large factory. Company Y used local, cheap labour, but made a product these people could not afford to buy. The product was shipped to Country Z, where citizens could purchase and enjoy the new product. What could this set of relationships between countries be called?
A) bottom-up globalization
B) top-down globalization
C) global market forces
D) global demand forces

Accepted Answer

This is an example of top-down globalization, where decisions made by powerful actors such as the president of a country and large corporations lead to changes in the global economy that may not benefit all countries or individuals equally.

Question 8

Part of the globalized economy involves financial capital, a sector that has grown faster than production and trade and is based largely on speculation. What label has been given to the rise of financial capital?
A) global capitalism
B) commodification
C) neoliberalism
D) casino capitalism

Accepted Answer

The label given to the rise of financial capital is "casino capitalism." This term implies that the financial sector behaves like a casino, with speculative investments that are based more on chance than on actual production or trade.

Question 9

What is the concept of neoliberalism about?
A) new members of a political party
B) humanitarian work done by the United Nations
C) faith in the market and a retreat from state spending
D) individuals who are part of social movements of liberation

Accepted Answer

Neoliberalism is a political and economic philosophy that emphasizes free-market capitalism, deregulation, and a reduced role of the government in economic affairs. It involves a retreat from state spending and often results in privatization and austerity measures.

Question 10

Shelagh met her husband online. They only met three times face-to-face before marrying, but they felt they had built a strong relationship because they had created one of the following global phenomena-which one?
A) time-space compression
B) a digital divide
C) a virtual community
D) a digital union

Accepted Answer

Shelagh and her husband built a strong relationship through online communication, which suggests that they were part of a virtual community. A virtual community is a social group that interacts primarily through digital means, such as the internet or social media.

Question 11

Sixty years ago, Evelyn and Alvin were married and they purchased a farm that was 7 kilometres from Alvin's parents. Now their children are married and living in various locations around the world-British Columbia, Alaska, and Switzerland. To keep in touch with their grandchildren and great-grandchildren, they've purchased a computer with a webcam and Skype or send emails. What have Evelyn and Alvin experienced over their lifetime?
A) expanding network
B) time-space compression
C) global family
D) time-space continuum

Accepted Answer

Evelyn and Alvin have experienced time-space compression, meaning that the world has become more connected and communication technology has made it easier to stay in touch with family members who are far away.

Question 12

Which of the following is a feature of globalization from below?
A) demands for greater environmental regulations around the globe
B) praise by many groups for the expansion of capitalism into developing countries
C) embracing and accepting any and all forms of globalization
D) capitalist pressure to reduce workers' rights in the global economy

Accepted Answer

Demands for greater environmental regulations around the globe is a feature of globalization from below because it is driven by grassroots movements and civil society organizations that seek to hold corporations and governments accountable for the negative impact of globalization on the environment.

Question 13

Mike is a graduate student working toward a PhD in sociology, and for his graduate thesis is researching the digital divide. What will be the focus of his paper?
A) inequality of access to advanced forms of electronic communication
B) the increased cost of doing business with computer technology
C) the unprecedented access to computers
D) new technological business methods used for opinion polling

Accepted Answer

Mike's focus on the digital divide indicates he is studying the unequal access to advanced forms of electronic communication, such as computers and the internet. This is a known issue in sociology, where many are concerned about the social and economic implications of this inequality.

Question 14

Which of the following people is one of the famous capitalist "insiders" who has critiqued the functioning of the global economy?
A) former Bank of Canada governor Mark Carney
B) Microsoft chairman Bill Gates
C) economist/policy adviser Jeffrey Sachs
D) international financier Warren Buffett

Accepted Answer

Jeffrey Sachs is known for his critiques of the global economy, particularly in terms of sustainable development and poverty reduction.

Question 15

What kinds of issues frequently come up in the debates surrounding globalization?
A) ethical
B) cultural
C) political
D) social

Accepted Answer

The answer of What kinds of issues frequently come up...

Question 16

Samuel was a business student taking a mandatory sociology class for his degree. When asked to explain one area of focus of neoliberal policies, which of the following would he readily answer?
A) the reduction of individual responsibility for one's health and education
B) to increase spending by, and social responsibility of, the state
C) the reduction of state control and regulation of domestic capital markets
D) to increase protection for workers and the environment

Accepted Answer

Neoliberal policies focus on reducing state control and regulation of domestic capital markets, allowing for more free market competition and private enterprise. This approach emphasizes individual responsibility and reducing government involvement in economic affairs. The other options, such as increasing social responsibility of the state or worker/environmental protection, are not typically associated with neoliberalism.

Question 17

When Kathryn lived abroad in 1985 she would mail a letter to her parents. A response to that letter would come by mail two weeks later. In 2005, when Kathryn lived abroad again, she would send an email to her parents and get a response back from them within the hour. Which of the following is this change in communications NOT an example of?
A) time-space compression
B) technological improvements
C) globalization
D) capitalist growth

Accepted Answer

The change in communications from mailed letters to immediate emails is not an example of capitalist growth. The other options, time-space compression, technological improvements, and globalization, all relate to changes in communication that have been influenced by economic factors and advances in technology.

Question 18

According to the text, which statement can be applied to globalization?
A) It is associated with a global decline in consumerism.
B) It is part of dynamic top-down and bottom-up forces.
C) It is conventionally dated from the 2000s onward.
D) It is a process connected to a global surge in nationalism.

Accepted Answer

The text states that globalization is "part of a complex set of dynamic top-down and bottom-up forces." Therefore, option B is the correct answer. Option A is incorrect because the text does not mention any decline in consumerism, and option D is incorrect because the text states that globalization is "eroding national borders and encouraging global citizenship," which suggests that it is not connected to a surge in nationalism. Option C is also incorrect because the text does not explicitly date globalization from the 2000s.

Question 19

According to the text, which of the following can be said about globalization?
A) It is coming to an end in the foreseeable future.
B) There is broad consensus as to its meaning.
C) The term was coined in the late 1990s.
D) It makes the world look and feel smaller.

Accepted Answer

The text states that globalization "makes the world look and feel smaller." Therefore, option D is the correct answer. Option A is incorrect as there is no mention of globalization coming to an end soon. Option B is incorrect as the text indicates that there are different interpretations of globalization. Option C is incorrect as the term has been around since the 1980s.

Question 20

Which of the following statements reflects a reality of present-day financial capital?
A) It has not kept up with the growth of production and trade.
B) It has taken a secondary role in the financial system.
C) It has become more prominent with globalization.
D) It has been labelled "casino capitalism."

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following statements reflects a...

Quiz 19: Globalization

Which of the following types of activists would be involved in top-down globalization?

Pam was explaining bottom-up globalization to her friend Adam. Which of the following would Pam offer when Adam asked for an example of bottom-up globalization efforts?

Carla learned that the T-shirts being sold for $25 at a soccer match were made in a sweatshop by women making one dollar per day. She organized some friends to protest the T-shirt sales and the day became a protest against sweatshops. What other label could we give this protest?

When Renata moved to Canada, she communicated with her brother via electronic media, but her parents lived in a poor, rural area and did not have access to computers or the Internet. What phenomenon was impeding communication between Renata and her parents?

What example does the text give to illustrate how corporate power, immigrant labour, and international supply lines all play a part in the globalization of fast food, and in what many of us choose to eat?

Part of the globalized economy involves financial capital, a sector that has grown faster than production and trade and is based largely on speculation. What label has been given to the rise of financial capital?

What is the concept of neoliberalism about?

Shelagh met her husband online. They only met three times face-to-face before marrying, but they felt they had built a strong relationship because they had created one of the following global phenomena-which one?

Which of the following is a feature of globalization from below?

Mike is a graduate student working toward a PhD in sociology, and for his graduate thesis is researching the digital divide. What will be the focus of his paper?

Which of the following people is one of the famous capitalist "insiders" who has critiqued the functioning of the global economy?

What kinds of issues frequently come up in the debates surrounding globalization?

Samuel was a business student taking a mandatory sociology class for his degree. When asked to explain one area of focus of neoliberal policies, which of the following would he readily answer?

According to the text, which statement can be applied to globalization?

According to the text, which of the following can be said about globalization?

Which of the following statements reflects a reality of present-day financial capital?