Question 1

A father feeds his child green beans for lunch.After taking a bite, the child frowns, spits the beans out, and pushes the next spoonful of beans away.This child is
A) Using morphological rules
B) Using nonlinguistic communication behaviors
C) Experiencing message distortion
D) Interpreting a communication message

Accepted Answer

The child's behavior of frowning, spitting out the beans, and pushing away the spoonful of beans are nonlinguistic communication behaviors, such as facial expressions and body language, to convey their dislike of the food. This is not an example of linguistic or semantic processing, which would involve interpreting or distorting a communication message, or using morphological rules.

Question 2

A child who can tell his or her first name, hold up fingers to indicate his or her age, answer "where" questions, and use short sentences such as "Me want milk" is demonstrating the developmental milestones of a typically developing
A) 1-year-old
B) 2-year-old
C) 3-year-old
D) 4-year-old

Accepted Answer

These milestones are typical for a 2-year-old child. At this age, children often start to use short sentences, can identify themselves by name, indicate their age with fingers, and understand simple questions.

Question 3

A child with normal hearing who has difficulty paying attention while listening, paying attention to the teacher when background noise is in the classroom, remembering information presented orally, and discriminating between similar sounding words may be demonstrating
A) A syntactic disorder
B) Aphasia
C) Apraxia of speech
D) A central auditory processing disorder

Accepted Answer

A central auditory processing disorder is a condition where the brain has difficulty processing and making sense of auditory information despite normal hearing. This can lead to difficulty with attention, memory, and discrimination of similar sounds, all of which are mentioned in the scenario.

Question 4

A 7-year-old boy with a speech impairment makes the following statement to his mother: "I hur my han when I wan into the fence." The boy was attempting to say ,"I hurt my hand when I ran into the fence." This child is demonstrating the speech production errors of
A) Addition and substitution
B) Addition and omission
C) Substitution and distortion
D) Substitution and omission

Accepted Answer

The child is demonstrating the speech production errors of substitution and omission. He substitutes "wan" for "ran" and omits the "t" sound in "hurt".

Question 5

A child who was in a car accident and received head trauma developed a speech and language problem following the accident.How would the etiology of this child's communication disorder be classified?
A) Aphasic
B) Developmental
C) Congenital
D) Acquired

Accepted Answer

The child's communication disorder resulted from head trauma received in a car accident, which means it was acquired, rather than developmental or congenital. The term "aphasic" specifically refers to a person who has lost the ability to speak due to brain damage, so it is not the most suitable classification for this child's disorder.

Question 6

A student with aphasia exhibits
A) Additions of speech sounds in words (e.g., likes for like)
B) Breathiness
C) An impairment of language function
D) An inability to position speech muscles to produce speech sounds

Accepted Answer

Aphasia is an impairment of language function that can result from damage to the brain, usually caused by a stroke or traumatic brain injury. People with aphasia may have difficulty with speaking, understanding, reading, and writing. Thus, the fact that the student has aphasia indicates an impairment of language function.

Answer: A
 Additions of speech sounds (such as adding an extra consonant or vowel to a word) are a common symptom of apraxia of speech, which is a motor speech disorder. However, it is possible for someone with both aphasia and apraxia of speech to exhibit this symptom. Without further information about the student's speech difficulties, it is difficult to say whether this is a valid option.

Answer: B and D are incorrect
 Breathiness and an inability to position speech muscles to produce speech sounds are symptoms of a different motor speech disorder called dysarthria, which is caused by damage to the nerves or muscles involved in speech production. While someone with aphasia may also have dysarthria, these symptoms are not specific to aphasia and do not necessarily indicate an impairment of language function.

Question 7

Alexander comes to school on the first day and speaks to the teacher, Ms.Milan.She thinks he sounds like he is holding his nose when he speaks.Ms.Milan alerts the speech-language pathologist, who says the student may have
A) Vocal nodules
B) A phonation disorder
C) Hyponasality
D) Hypernasality

Accepted Answer

Hyponasality is a condition where there is a lack of nasal resonance during speech, which can make the voice sound dull or stuffy. This can occur due to a blockage or obstruction in the nasal passages, or it can be a result of a neurological or structural issue. In this case, the speech-language pathologist may suspect hyponasality due to the way Alexander's voice sounds like he is holding his nose, and further evaluation and testing may be necessary to confirm the diagnosis. Vocal nodules (A) are growths that typically form on the vocal cords due to excessive or improper use of the voice, resulting in a hoarse, breathy, or strained vocal quality. A phonation disorder (B) is a broad term used to describe any issue related to the production of sound, including a hoarse, breathy, or strained voice, voice breaks or cracks, and other voice-related issues. Hypernasality (D), on the other hand, is a condition where there is too much nasal resonance during speech, which can lead to a "nasal" sounding voice.

Question 8

A mild to moderate speech and language disorder
A) Is so subtle that it usually affects students' lives inconsequentially
B) Is experienced only by a small percentage of students
C) Most often occurs secondary to pervasive cognitive disabilities
D) May have a profound effect on all aspects of a student's life

Accepted Answer

A mild to moderate speech and language disorder may have a profound effect on all aspects of a student's life, including communication, academic achievement, socialization, and self-esteem. It is important to identify and address these issues early on to prevent further difficulties.

Question 9

A child says, "That apple is weally wed." The child is having difficulty with what component of language?
A) Semantics
B) Phonology
C) Pragmatics
D) Syntax

Accepted Answer

The child is having difficulty with the phonology component of language, specifically with the sounds /r/ and /l/.

Question 10

A student who says, "I saw the mouses run out of the hole" is having difficulty with what component of language?
A) Semantics
B) Phonology
C) Pragmatics
D) Morphology

Accepted Answer

The student is using the incorrect plural form of the word "mouse" (mice), indicating a problem with morphology, which deals with the internal structure of words and how they are formed.

Question 11

All sounds in the English language are mastered by children by the time they reach
A) 6 years of age
B) 7 years of age
C) 8 years of age
D) 9 years of age

Accepted Answer

The answer of All sounds in the English language are...

Question 12

The characteristic(s)of a phonation disorder include(s)
A) Too little or too much air passing through the nasal passage
B) Hoarseness, breathiness, and huskiness
C) An inability to make intelligible speech sounds
D) A disruption in the fluency of speech

Accepted Answer

Hoarseness, breathiness, and huskiness are all characteristics of a phonation disorder. Phonation disorders are related to vibrating the vocal cords. Too little or too much air passing through the nasal passage is related to resonance disorders, an inability to make intelligible speech sounds is related to articulation disorders, and a disruption in the fluency of speech is related to fluency disorders.

Question 13

Which of the following is not associated with stuttering?
A) More males than females stutter.
B) Children who are twins are more likely to stutter.
C) Stuttering has been linked to psychological trauma.
D) Stuttering is the most common fluency disorder.

Accepted Answer

Stuttering has not been consistently linked to psychological trauma. Research suggests that stuttering may be caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors, including neurodevelopmental differences, speech motor control difficulties, and family history of stuttering.

Question 14

A 12-year-old student who says "I-I-I-I want i-i-i-ice c-c-c-cream" is exhibiting
A) A voice disorder
B) Cluttering
C) Apraxia of speech
D) A fluency disorder

Accepted Answer

The repetition of sounds and stuttering-like behavior in the student's speech suggest a fluency disorder.

Question 15

A child with a severe articulation disorder
A) Has speech that cannot be understood most of the time by most people
B) Has speech that cannot be understood except by family members
C) Can produce sounds but only pronounces them correctly some of the time
D) Can produce sounds but only pronounces them correctly when the child thinks he or she is alone

Accepted Answer

A child with a severe articulation disorder has speech that cannot be understood most of the time by most people. This means that their speech is so unclear and difficult to comprehend that it is not understandable to the majority of people who interact with them.

Question 16

The component of language that deals with rules of putting words together to form phrases and sentences is called
A) Morphology
B) Phonology
C) Pragmatics
D) Syntax

Accepted Answer

Syntax deals with the rules of how words are put together to create phrases and sentences. Morphology deals with the internal structure of words, phonology deals with the sound system of a language, and pragmatics deals with the social and contextual use of language.

Question 17

Ariel approaches another group of children who are talking about the baseball game.She stands very close to the children, gets close to their faces, and says, "I have two cats at my house." The children acknowledge her, back away a bit, and continue the conversation about the ballgame.Ariel interrupts again, moves closer to the children, and says, "My Siamese cat and my Persian cat belong to me, not my brother." In what component of language does Ariel most likely have a deficit?
A) Syntax
B) Morphology
C) Pragmatics
D) Semantics

Accepted Answer

Ariel is showing a deficit in pragmatics, specifically in the area of social communication. She is not considering the social cues and context of the conversation around her, and is interrupting with irrelevant information.

Question 18

Approximately what percentage of preschoolers (i.e., 3-, 4-, and 5-year-olds)receiving special education have a speech and language disorder?
A) 10%
B) 30%
C) 46%
D) 75%

Accepted Answer

According to data from the National Center for Education Statistics, approximately 46% of preschoolers receiving special education services have a speech and language disorder.

Question 19

The label used by the Individuals With Disabilities Education Improvement Act (PL 108-446)for a student's difficulty with communication is
A) Speech and language impairment
B) Communication disorder
C) Speech and language delay
D) Communication impairment

Accepted Answer

The Individuals With Disabilities Education Improvement Act (IDEA) uses the label "Speech and language impairment" to describe a student's difficulty with communication.

Question 20

Abnormalities in respiration, phonation and vocal resonance can influence which of the following?
A) Articulation
B) Voice quality
C) Fluency
D) All of the above

Accepted Answer

Abnormalities in respiration, phonation, and vocal resonance can all impact articulation, voice quality, and fluency. Respiration provides the necessary airflow for speech production, and any abnormalities can impact the amount and consistency of airflow. Phonation involves the vibration of the vocal folds, and any abnormalities can impact the quality and pitch of the voice. Vocal resonance involves the ability of the vocal tract to shape the sound produced by the vocal folds, and any abnormalities can impact the overall quality and clarity of speech. Therefore, all of these factors are important for overall speech production and communication.

Quiz 11: Individuals With Speech and Language Impairments

A father feeds his child green beans for lunch.After taking a bite, the child frowns, spits the beans out, and pushes the next spoonful of beans away.This child is

A child who can tell his or her first name, hold up fingers to indicate his or her age, answer "where" questions, and use short sentences such as "Me want milk" is demonstrating the developmental milestones of a typically developing

A child with normal hearing who has difficulty paying attention while listening, paying attention to the teacher when background noise is in the classroom, remembering information presented orally, and discriminating between similar sounding words may be demonstrating

A 7-year-old boy with a speech impairment makes the following statement to his mother: "I hur my han when I wan into the fence." The boy was attempting to say ,"I hurt my hand when I ran into the fence." This child is demonstrating the speech production errors of

A child who was in a car accident and received head trauma developed a speech and language problem following the accident.How would the etiology of this child's communication disorder be classified?

A student with aphasia exhibits

Alexander comes to school on the first day and speaks to the teacher, Ms.Milan.She thinks he sounds like he is holding his nose when he speaks.Ms.Milan alerts the speech-language pathologist, who says the student may have

A mild to moderate speech and language disorder

A child says, "That apple is weally wed." The child is having difficulty with what component of language?

A student who says, "I saw the mouses run out of the hole" is having difficulty with what component of language?

All sounds in the English language are mastered by children by the time they reach

The characteristic(s) of a phonation disorder include(s)

Which of the following is not associated with stuttering?

A 12-year-old student who says "I-I-I-I want i-i-i-ice c-c-c-cream" is exhibiting

A child with a severe articulation disorder

The component of language that deals with rules of putting words together to form phrases and sentences is called

Approximately what percentage of preschoolers (i.e., 3-, 4-, and 5-year-olds) receiving special education have a speech and language disorder?

The label used by the Individuals With Disabilities Education Improvement Act (PL 108-446) for a student's difficulty with communication is

Abnormalities in respiration, phonation and vocal resonance can influence which of the following?