Question 1

What percentage of offenders are supervised by the community either by probation or parole?

Accepted Answer

70% of offenders are supervised by the community either through probation or parole, reflecting a significant portion of the correctional system's focus on community-based supervision.

Question 2

A second major trend in corrections is a demand for ____________ of criminals.

Accepted Answer

A

Question 3

Prison costs became an issue of intense concern and debate when prisons became more expensive than state spending on ________.

Accepted Answer

The passage states that prison costs became an issue of intense concern and debate when they surpassed state spending on education.

Question 4

At midyear 2008, approximately what percentage of federal and state prisoners were located in privately run facilities?

Accepted Answer

At midyear 2008, approximately 8% of federal and state prisoners were located in privately run facilities.

Question 5

Many state policymakers are calling for the adoption of ________ practices.

Accepted Answer

Evidence-based practices are those interventions or strategies that have been proven to work based on rigorous research and data. State policymakers often aim to implement these practices in order to improve outcomes and ensure the most efficient use of resources. Hypothesis-based, theory-based, and tested-based practices may have some merit, but they lack the same level of empirical support as evidence-based practices.

Question 6

__________ is concerned with managing prison and community corrections populations as efficiently as possible.

Accepted Answer

New penology is concerned with managing prison and community corrections populations as efficiently as possible. It emphasizes the use of technology, risk assessment tools, and evidence-based programming to promote public safety while reducing costs and recidivism rates. The goal is to move away from the traditional punitive approach of old penology and towards a more rehabilitative and effective model.

Question 7

A 1982 study found that ________ of high school seniors reported having used an illegal drug in the previous month.

Accepted Answer

The question is asking for the percentage of high school seniors who reported using an illegal drug in the previous month. According to the 1982 study, one-third of them reported doing so. Therefore, the correct answer is C) one-third.

Question 8

Which president asked Congress for 100,000 police officers in 1994 and for more in his 1999 State of the Union Addresses?

Accepted Answer

Only Bill Clinton asked Congress for 100,000 police officers in 1994 and again in his 1999 State of the Union Addresses. Ronald Reagan, George Bush, and George W. Bush did not make this request during their presidencies.

Question 9

In 2007, 53 percent of federal prisoners and almost 20 percent of state prisoners were in prison for what type of offense?

Accepted Answer

In 2007, 53 percent of federal prisoners and almost 20 percent of state prisoners were in prison for drug offenses, making it the most common offense for which people were incarcerated in the United States.

Question 10

Which president created the drug czar position in hope of more effectively addressing illicit drug use in the United States?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which president created the drug czar position...

Question 11

During what decade did the rehabilitation philosophy in American corrections come to a halt?

Accepted Answer

The rehabilitation philosophy in American corrections came to a halt during the 1980s, largely due to a shift towards more punitive measures and the "war on drugs" which emphasized incarceration over rehabilitation.

Question 12

Political conservatives often prefer to explain behavior as primarily a matter of what?

Accepted Answer

Political conservatives often emphasize free choice as a key factor in individual behavior, rather than external factors such as destiny, fate, or predetermined circumstances.

Question 13

A recent study indicates that the voting public is in favor of rehabilitative series for prisoners as opposed to a punishment-only system by a(n) ________ margin.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A recent study indicates that the voting...

Question 14

The focus in corrections has often been on the _____________.

Accepted Answer

The focus in corrections has typically been on the offender and the state, with the goal of punishing and rehabilitating the offender to prevent future crimes and protect society as a whole. While victim advocacy has become increasingly important in recent years, it is not typically the primary focus in the corrections system.

Question 15

Community justice began with a focus on what?

Accepted Answer

Community justice began with a focus on restorative justice, which aims to repair harm caused by criminal behavior, heal relationships between the offender, victim, and community, and prevent future offending.

Question 16

Justice used to be more of a ________ task and responsibility.

Accepted Answer

Justice used to be more of a community task and responsibility, where people would work together to identify and address wrongdoing within their community. This involved practices like mediation, restitution, and reconciliation, rather than relying solely on formal legal institutions like the police, corrections, and courts.

Question 17

According to the text, __________ does not mean what it meant even 50 years ago

Accepted Answer

The term "community" does not hold the same meaning it did 50 years ago, indicating a shift in how society defines or perceives the concept of community over time.

Question 18

Both community policing and community justice seem to be ________ when community, in the traditional sense, seems to be _______.

Accepted Answer

Community policing and community justice are both concepts that have emerged in recent times in response to declining faith in traditional law enforcement systems. The traditional sense of community, where neighbors knew and trusted each other, has been in decline in recent times. Hence, option A is the best choice.

Question 19

Historically, retribution can be traced back to the ancient law of lex talionis (law of talion) or a(n) __________.

Accepted Answer

The law of lex talionis, also known as "an eye for an eye" or "measure for measure," is the ancient principle of retributive justice in which a punishment should correspond in degree and kind to the offense.

Question 20

Since the writings of Beccaria in the eighteenth century, what has been considered an essential justification for sanctioning and is the philosophical foundation of the criminal justice system?

Accepted Answer

Since Beccaria's writings, deterrence has been considered the essential justification for sanctioning and forms the philosophical foundation of the criminal justice system. The idea is that the threat of punishment will deter individuals from committing crimes in the first place, ultimately leading to a safer society. Retribution, rehabilitation, and revenge may also be considered justifications for sanctioning, but they are not the primary justification and do not form the foundation of the criminal justice system.

Quiz 1: Understanding Corrections: Where Are We