Question 1

A theory is an explanation of a happening or circumstance that is based on observation,
experimentation, and reasoning.

Accepted Answer

A theory is a well-substantiated explanation of an aspect of the natural world that is based on empirical evidence, experimentation, and reasoning.

Question 2

Causation between two variables means that they tend to vary together.

Accepted Answer

Causation between two variables means that one variable causes or influences changes in the other variable. Just because two variables tend to vary together does not necessarily mean that one causes the other. There may be other factors or variables affecting the relationship between them.

Question 3

The __________ theory holds that criminal laws are designed by those in power (the rich) to help them keep power at the expense of those who do not have power (the poor).

Accepted Answer

The answer of The __________ theory holds that criminal laws...

Question 4

__________ is the scientific study of crime and the causes of criminal behavior.

Accepted Answer

The answer of __________ is the scientific study of crime...

Question 5

Psychologists at the University of Michigan's Institute for Social Research released data in 2003 showing that exposure to high levels of televised violence erodes a natural aversion to violence and increases aggressive behavior among young children; this is a type of _________ theory.

Accepted Answer

The statement refers to the relationship between exposure to televised violence and increased aggressive behavior in children, which falls under the realm of learning theory. This theory suggests that behavior is shaped by past experiences and exposure to stimuli, and that repeated exposure to violent media can lead to desensitization and subsequent aggression. The other options, labeling theory, control theory, and conflict theory, do not accurately describe the relationship between exposure to violent media and aggressive behavior.

Question 6

Research has shown that a small group of juvenile offenders was responsible for a
disproportionate amount of crime attributed to a large group of young males.

Accepted Answer

This statement is true, research has shown that a small group of juvenile offenders can be responsible for a significant amount of crimes attributed to a larger group of young males. This concept is often referred to as "chronic offending."

Question 7

A series of theories that assume that all individuals have the potential for criminalbehavior, but are restrained by the damage that such actions would do to theirrelationships with family, friends, and members of the community are called:

Accepted Answer

The description given fits the definition of control theories, which suggest that individuals have a natural tendency towards criminal behavior, but societal controls and social bonds prevent them from acting on those impulses. This includes the idea that individuals have internalized moral codes and norms that keep them from engaging in criminal activity due to the potential harm it could cause to their relationships and community standing.

Question 8

According to the 2010 National Survey on Drug Use and Health, most drug users are male?

Accepted Answer

The 2010 National Survey on Drug Use and Health found that 57.5% of past month drug users were male.

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT one of the criticisms of the use of criminology in the criminal justice system?

Accepted Answer

The criticism that researchers know less today about "what works" in criminology than at any other time is not a common criticism of criminology. The other options reflect actual criticisms regarding the application and accessibility of criminological research.

Question 10

__________ is when a relationship in which a change in one measurement or behavior
creates a recognizable change in another measurement or behavior

Accepted Answer

The answer of __________ is when a relationship in which...

Question 11

Labeling theory suggests the hypothesis that delinquents and criminals must be taught both the practical and emotional skills necessary to participate in illegal activity.

Accepted Answer

Labeling theory suggests that individuals become deviant when labeled as such by society, and that this labeling can cause them to further engage in deviant behavior. It does not suggest that delinquents and criminals need to be taught skills to participate in illegal activity.

Question 12

Strain theory has its roots in the concept of _________, which results when social change throws behavioral norms into flux, leading to a weakening of social controls and
an increase in deviant behavior.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Strain theory has its roots in the...

Question 13

Freud believed that, on an unconscious level, all humans have criminal tendencies and
that each of us is continually struggling against these tendencies.

Accepted Answer

Freud's theory of the id, ego, and superego posited that the id (our primitive, pleasure-seeking impulses) is always present in the unconscious, and the ego and superego work to control and repress these impulses. In this way, Freud believed that all humans have criminal tendencies on an unconscious level and that our conscious selves are constantly struggling against them.

Question 14

Some adoption studies show that fraternal twins are considerably more likely to exhibit
similar criminal behavior than identical twins.

Accepted Answer

Adoption studies typically show that identical twins, who share more genetic material, are more likely to exhibit similar behaviors, including criminal behavior, than fraternal twins.

Question 15

__________ psychology is a branch of psychology that studies how people's thoughts and behaviors are influenced by the presence of others.

Accepted Answer

The answer of __________ psychology is a branch of psychology...

Question 16

A sound theory supported by the scientific method proves that a prediction will be
correct.

Accepted Answer

A sound theory supported by the scientific method can provide strong evidence for a prediction, but it cannot guarantee absolute certainty due to the inherent limitations and uncertainties in scientific inquiry.

Question 17

Social conflict theories are a school of criminology that views criminal behavior as the result of class conflict.

Accepted Answer

Social conflict theories argue that criminal behavior is a result of class conflict, as individuals from low socioeconomic classes are more likely to engage in criminal behavior due to their lack of opportunities and resources.

Question 18

A __________ is a possible explanation for an observed occurrence that can be tested by
further investigation.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A __________ is a possible explanation for...

Question 19

An approach to drug addiction that treats drug abuse as a mental illness is called the __________ model of addiction.

Accepted Answer

The medical model of addiction focuses on treating drug addiction as a disease or mental illness rather than a moral failing or criminal behavior. It is based on the idea that addiction involves physiological and/or psychological changes in the brain that require medical treatment and professional intervention. This approach tends to emphasize pharmacological and behavioral therapies, as well as support groups, to address the underlying causes of addiction and help individuals recover.

Question 20

Classical criminology is a school of thought that sees criminal and delinquent behavior as the result of biological, psychological, and social forces.

Accepted Answer

Classical criminology is actually a school of thought that emphasizes that criminal behavior comes from a rational calculation of potential benefits and costs, rather than biological or psychological factors.

Quiz 2: Causes of Crime

A theory is an explanation of a happening or circumstance that is based on observation, experimentation, and reasoning.

Causation between two variables means that they tend to vary together.

The __________ theory holds that criminal laws are designed by those in power (the rich) to help them keep power at the expense of those who do not have power (the poor) .

__________ is the scientific study of crime and the causes of criminal behavior.

Psychologists at the University of Michigan's Institute for Social Research released data in 2003 showing that exposure to high levels of televised violence erodes a natural aversion to violence and increases aggressive behavior among young children; this is a type of _________ theory.

Research has shown that a small group of juvenile offenders was responsible for a disproportionate amount of crime attributed to a large group of young males.

A series of theories that assume that all individuals have the potential for criminalbehavior, but are restrained by the damage that such actions would do to theirrelationships with family, friends, and members of the community are called:

According to the 2010 National Survey on Drug Use and Health, most drug users are male?

Which of the following is NOT one of the criticisms of the use of criminology in the criminal justice system?

__________ is when a relationship in which a change in one measurement or behavior creates a recognizable change in another measurement or behavior

Labeling theory suggests the hypothesis that delinquents and criminals must be taught both the practical and emotional skills necessary to participate in illegal activity.

Strain theory has its roots in the concept of _________, which results when social change throws behavioral norms into flux, leading to a weakening of social controls and an increase in deviant behavior.

Freud believed that, on an unconscious level, all humans have criminal tendencies and that each of us is continually struggling against these tendencies.

Some adoption studies show that fraternal twins are considerably more likely to exhibit similar criminal behavior than identical twins.

__________ psychology is a branch of psychology that studies how people's thoughts and behaviors are influenced by the presence of others.

A sound theory supported by the scientific method proves that a prediction will be correct.

Social conflict theories are a school of criminology that views criminal behavior as the result of class conflict.

A __________ is a possible explanation for an observed occurrence that can be tested by further investigation.

An approach to drug addiction that treats drug abuse as a mental illness is called the __________ model of addiction.

Classical criminology is a school of thought that sees criminal and delinquent behavior as the result of biological, psychological, and social forces.