Question 1

Electrophysiological measures:

Accepted Answer

B

Question 2

In which of the following models are there separate lexicons for each language that are connected at the semantic level?

Accepted Answer

The Separate-store model posits that each language has its own lexicon, but they are connected at the semantic level, allowing for cross-language interactions.

Question 3

There is evidence that the time course of second language acquisition follows a U-shaped curve: it is initially good, but then there is a decline before the learner becomes more skilled. The decline is associated with the substitution of more complex internal representations for less complex ones. That is, the learner´s knowledge becomes:

Accepted Answer

The learner's knowledge is becoming more complex and structured, therefore the best choice is "restructured." Options A, B, C, and E all imply a negative connotation, which does not align with the evidence that the learner is becoming more skilled despite a temporary decline.

Question 4

Which of the following methods of teaching a second language emphasizes speaking and listening before reading and writing?

Accepted Answer

The audiolingual method emphasizes speaking and listening before reading and writing, as it is based on repetition and mimicry of native speakers rather than written instruction.

Question 5

Learning emphasizes ____________ knowledge of grammatical rules, whereas acquisition emphasizes their ____________ use.

Accepted Answer

Learning emphasizes explicit knowledge of grammatical rules, meaning that it involves conscious understanding and learning of the rules. Acquisition, on the other hand, emphasizes their unconscious use, meaning that the knowledge is absorbed and used without conscious thought.

Question 6

The ability to recognize the grammatical functions of words and other syntactic structures is known as:

Accepted Answer

Grammatical sensitivity is the ability to recognize the grammatical functions of words and other syntactic structures. Rote-learning refers to memorization without understanding, phonetic coding ability refers to the ability to understand and manipulate the sounds of language, inductive learning ability refers to the ability to generalize from specific examples, and conductive learning ability refers to the ability to learn through trial and error.

Question 7

If speakers are fluent in two languages, they are said to be:

Accepted Answer

Speakers who can fluently speak two languages are referred to as bilingual.

Question 8

We translate from the second language into the first by direct links between items in the lexicon. This is called:

Accepted Answer

Backward translation refers to translating from a second language back into the first language using direct lexical links.

Question 9

Which of the following hypotheses says that attitude and emotional factors are important in second language acquisition, and that they account for a lot of the apparent difference in the facility with which adults and children can learn a second language?

Accepted Answer

The correct hypothesis is the "Affective Filter Hypothesis," which is closely related to the choice given as "Active filter." This hypothesis, proposed by Stephen Krashen, suggests that emotional factors such as motivation, self-confidence, and anxiety play a significant role in language acquisition. It posits that a lower affective filter facilitates the acquisition of a second language by allowing more input to be processed, whereas a higher affective filter, often due to negative emotional states, can impede language learning. This hypothesis helps explain variations in language learning success among individuals, particularly between adults and children, as it is believed that children often have lower affective filters.

Question 10

There is some evidence that bilinguals with right-hemisphere damage show more aphasia than monolinguals. This type of aphasia is called:

Accepted Answer

Crossed aphasia is a type of aphasia that occurs in bilingual individuals with left-hemisphere damage, where the language spoken by the right hemisphere is affected. However, there is some evidence that bilinguals with right-hemisphere damage may also show more aphasia than monolinguals, and this type of aphasia is also referred to as crossed aphasia. Therefore, option A is the best choice. The other options are either unrelated or do not fit the description.

Question 11

The __________ hemisphere is involved in L2 acquisition.

Accepted Answer

Studies suggest that the right hemisphere is more involved in processing novel or non-native language, which is essential in L2 acquisition. The left hemisphere is more dominant in processing the native language.

Question 12

Who reviewed what facilitates learning foreign language vocabulary, and concluded that simple rote repetition is best for learning to produce the new words, but that using keywords is best for comprehension?

Accepted Answer

Ellis and Beaton reviewed techniques for learning foreign language vocabulary and found that simple rote repetition is most effective for learning to produce new words, while the use of keywords is most effective for comprehension. Krashen, Earles, Kersten, and Chomsky are known for their work on language acquisition and development, but did not specifically review vocabulary learning techniques in this way.

Question 13

In which of the following methods of teaching a second language is the learner surrounded exclusively by speakers of the second language, usually in the foreign country?

Accepted Answer

The answer of In which of the following methods of...

Question 14

Words in different languages that have the same meaning but different physical forms (e.g., "nephew" and "sobrino" in English and Spanish) are called:

Accepted Answer

Noncognate translation equivalents refer to words in different languages that have the same meaning but different physical forms, such as "nephew" in English and "sobrino" in Spanish, indicating they are not derived from a common linguistic ancestor.

Question 15

Who proposed five hypotheses concerning language acquisition that together form the monitor model of second language learning?

Accepted Answer

The five hypotheses that form the monitor model of second language learning were proposed by linguist Stephen Krashen.

Question 16

When we translate words from our first language into our second language, this is called:

Accepted Answer

Forward translation involves translating words or text from a source language (first language) into a target language (second language).

Question 17

Which of the following methods of teaching a second language carries out all teaching in the second language, with emphasis on conversational skills?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following methods of teaching...

Question 18

When words combine, such as an English suffix added to a German root, or English words put into a French syntactic structure, or responding to questions in one language with answers in another, this is called:

Accepted Answer

The answer of When words combine, such as an English...

Question 19

In which of the following models is there is just one lexicon and one semantic memory system, with words from both languages stored in it and connected directly together?

Accepted Answer

The common-store model proposes that there is only one lexicon and one semantic memory system, where words from both languages are stored and connected directly together. This contrasts with the separate-store model, which proposes two separate lexicons and semantic memory systems, one for each language, and the two-store model, which proposes two separate lexicons but only one shared semantic memory system. The one-store and universal-store models do not involve language-specific stores at all, and are not relevant to this question.

Question 20

The order of acquisition of syntactic rules, and the types of errors of generalization made, are the same in both languages according to the:

Accepted Answer

The Natural Order in Acquisition Hypothesis suggests that learners acquire language structures in a specific order, regardless of the language they are learning. This order is based on the complexity of the structure and the frequency of its use in the language input. Therefore, the order of acquisition of syntactic rules and the types of errors are expected to be the same in both languages for second language learners.

Quiz 5: Bilingualism and Second Language Acquisition