Question 1

Neuroticism is associated with experiencing more lingering positive states.

Accepted Answer

Neuroticism is typically associated with experiencing more negative emotions and states, such as anxiety, depression, and mood swings, rather than lingering positive states.

Question 2

Describe Carl Rogers's approach to personality.

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Question 3

What are some of the key differences between self-report and projective methods?

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Question 4

Alfred Adler emphasized the importance of unconditional positive regard in personality development.

Accepted Answer

While Carl Rogers emphasized the importance of unconditional positive regard, Adler focused more on the importance of social interest and striving for superiority in personality development.

Question 5

Describe the differences between a Type A and Type B personality.

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Question 6

Define and provide examples of displacement and sublimation.

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Question 7

What is self-efficacy and why is this concept so important to the study of personality?

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Question 8

Describe some issues a person might face if they are fixated at the anal stage of Freud's psychosexual stages.

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Question 9

You meet somebody for the first time and want to get some idea of his or her personality. You might use the five factor model of personality because this is the model used most frequently to reveal the nuances of a stranger's personality.

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Question 10

Evidence of the "Big Five" personality factors has been found in animals.

Accepted Answer

Studies have found evidence of the "Big Five" personality factors (openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism) in a variety of animals, including primates, dogs, cats, and rats. However, some researchers argue that these traits may be explained by other factors, such as temperament or behavioral tendencies.

Question 11

The concept of reciprocal determinism argues that the person, the person's behavior, and the environment can each influence one another.

Accepted Answer

Reciprocal determinism is a theory proposed by psychologist Albert Bandura, stating that a person's behavior, the environment, and personal factors like thoughts and emotions all interact and affect each other in a reciprocal manner. Therefore, it argues that all three factors can influence each other simultaneously.

Question 12

Describe Jung's concept of the collective unconscious.

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Question 13

Some critics believe that humanistic psychologists are too optimistic and encourage narcissism.

Accepted Answer

Some critics have argued that humanistic psychology's emphasis on self-actualization and personal growth can lead to a focus on the self that borders on narcissism. However, this perspective is not universally held and many proponents of humanistic psychology argue that it is not inherently narcissistic.

Question 14

According to Rogers, the greater the discrepancy between who you are and who you would like to be, the less likely you are to be psychologically healthy.

Accepted Answer

This statement is true based on Rogers' theory of self-concept and self-actualization. A large discrepancy between who you are and who you would like to be can lead to feelings of anxiety, self-doubt, and low self-esteem, which can negatively impact psychological health.

Question 15

Give a brief explanation of Freud's model of personality, including the id, ego, and superego as well as the relationship among these components.

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Question 16

Conscientiousness is the "Big 5" personality trait most associated with health and longevity.

Accepted Answer

Numerous studies have shown that individuals high in conscientiousness tend to make healthier lifestyle choices, have lower rates of chronic diseases, and live longer overall compared to those low in conscientiousness.

Question 17

Discuss the BAS and BIS as described by Gray.

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Question 18

According to Maslow, self-actualizers are almost childlike in their capacity for awe.

Accepted Answer

Maslow believed that self-actualizers had a childlike capacity for awe, wonder, and appreciation of the simple things in life.

Question 19

Happy faces invoke a strong response from the amygdala of an introvert.

Accepted Answer

The amygdala of an introvert typically shows a stronger response to negative or threatening stimuli rather than happy faces.

Question 20

Describe how personality is related to health.

Accepted Answer

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Quiz 12: Personality