Question 1

Repression is
A) a flashbulb memory.
B) a schema.
C) motivated forgetting.
D) a retrieval cue.

Accepted Answer

Repression is a form of motivated forgetting, where a person unconsciously pushes painful or traumatic memories out of their conscious awareness, in order to avoid emotional pain or anxiety.

Question 2

Hillary is recalling details from her most recent trip to Disney World. Which lobe of her brain is most active?
A) right frontal
B) left frontal
C) right temporal
D) left temporal

Accepted Answer

The answer of Hillary is recalling details from her most...

Question 3

Cognitive psychologist, Jonathan Schooler, has suggested that the term "recovered" memories be replaced with the term "discovered" memories. Why?
A) Individuals experience "discovered" memories as real.
B) "Discovered" memories are more accurate and detailed than "recovered" memories.
C) The term "discovered" avoids the negative connotations of the term "recovered".
D) Individuals realize that "discovered" memories are often inaccurate.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Cognitive psychologist, Jonathan Schooler, has suggested that...

Question 4

Juanita is an administrative assistant in the human resources department of a local business. She has noticed that in nearly every case, the last person interviewed for a job gets hired. What effect of memory may be influencing the hiring practice?
A) primacy
B) Paivio
C) frequency
D) recency

Accepted Answer

The hiring practice seems to be influenced by the recency effect, as the last person interviewed is the one who gets hired. The recency effect refers to the tendency to remember information that is presented last, which may be influencing the hiring decision.

Question 5

Samantha prides herself in "never forgetting a face," although she frequently cannot put the correct name with a specific face. Samantha is really saying that she is better at
A) memory retrieval than at memory reconstruction.
B) memory reconstruction than at memory recall.
C) recognition than at recall.
D) recall than at recognition.

Accepted Answer

Samantha's statement suggests that she is better at recognizing faces than recalling names, which indicates that she has better recognition memory than recall memory. Recall refers to the retrieval of information in the absence of any cues, while recognition involves matching present stimuli to stored memories.

Question 6

Detectives take advantage of context-dependent memory by
A) interviewing all potential witnesses.
B) questioning witnesses as a group.
C) taking witnesses back to the scene of the crime.
D) interviewing only eye witnesses.

Accepted Answer

Taking witnesses back to the scene of the crime can help them recall details more accurately due to the principle of context-dependent memory, which states that information is better remembered when we are in the same context (environment) in which it was learned or experienced. This technique is often used by detectives to help witnesses provide more accurate and detailed information about the crime.

Question 7

An individual's autobiographical memory forms the core of the individual's
A) life time periods.
B) memory system.
C) self esteem.
D) personal identity.

Accepted Answer

Autobiographical memory refers to the memory of events and experiences that have happened to an individual in their lifetime. This type of memory is closely linked to personal identity, as by recalling and reflecting on past experiences, individuals construct a sense of self and a personal narrative. Therefore, autobiographical memory forms the core of an individual's personal identity.

Question 8

In the Chowchilla, California kidnapping case, school children were kidnapped at gunpoint and buried for 16 hours before escaping. Several years after the event, a child psychiatrist interviewed the children. She reported that
A) virtually all of the children remembered the exact details of the chilling episode.
B) fewer than half of the children remembered any of the details of the chilling episode.
C) half of the children had notable errors and distortions in their memories of the episode.
D) most children had notable errors and distortions in their memories of the episode.

Accepted Answer

Half of the children had notable errors and distortions in their memories of the episode. This is based on the report from a child psychiatrist who interviewed the children several years after the event. The study suggests that even traumatic events can result in memory errors and distortions.

Question 9

On the ride home from her senior prom, Mary's date ran a red light and crashed into another vehicle. Twenty years later, Mary can still remember the song that was playing on the radio at the time of the crash. This memory is best described as a(n) ________ memory.
A) flashbulb
B) iconic
C) procedural
D) serial

Accepted Answer

Flashbulb memories are highly detailed and vivid memories of significant events that are retained over time, such as hearing the news of a major disaster or learning of the death of a loved one. The emotional intensity of these events can lead to a strong encoding and consolidation of the memory, allowing it to be recalled with great clarity years later. In this case, the traumatic experience of the car accident and the strong emotional response to it may have contributed to Mary's ability to recall the song from that moment so vividly, even after 20 years.

Question 10

Eyewitness accounts of crimes are
A) always very accurate.
B) remembered best two weeks after the crime was witnessed.
C) prone to errors.
D) most accurate when witnesses speak to each other before talking to police.

Accepted Answer

Eyewitness accounts of crimes are prone to errors due to various factors such as stress, memory decay, and biased perceptions. Research has shown that eyewitness testimony can be unreliable, and even minor changes in questioning or the environment can greatly affect the accuracy of the testimony.

Question 11

Kim was telling her friend about her most recent trip to her grandmother's house, but was having trouble remembering certain details. Later that month she visited her grandmother again and the details came flooding back. This is an example of
A) recall versus recognition.
B) encoding hesitation.
C) the effects of context on retrieval.
D) impeded storage.

Accepted Answer

This is an example of the effects of context on retrieval, as being in the context of her grandmother's house again helped Kim remember details that she had trouble recalling outside of that context. Recall versus recognition, encoding hesitation, and impeded storage do not fully capture the specific nature of this memory experience.

Question 12

George just graduated from college and is going on his first job interview. He has learned that there are two other candidates. Because of the information he has learned about the serial position effect, George asks to be either the first or the last candidate interviewed. Why?
A) Either the first or the last candidate will be best remembered.
B) The middle candidate will be viewed less favorably.
C) The middle candidate will be rushed through the interview.
D) The first and last candidates will be asked less difficult questions.

Accepted Answer

The serial position effect suggests that people tend to remember the first and last items on a list better than items in the middle. By requesting to be either the first or last candidate interviewed, George increases his chances of being remembered favorably by the interviewer.

Question 13

Your roommate, Rhiana, asks your advice on how to best study for her final exams. Because of your knowledge of context dependent memory, you recommend that she study
A) with her favorite rock music playing and sitting in her most comfortable chair.
B) in the library with friends.
C) quietly in the classroom in which she is to take her exam.
D) with a partner in the dorm.

Accepted Answer

Context dependent memory refers to the fact that we are more likely to remember something if we are in the same context (environment, mood) in which we learned it. Therefore, studying in the same classroom in which she will take her exam is the best option as it will help her recall information more easily during the exam.

Question 14

Your friend, Vince, suffered serious injury to his cerebellum in a motorcycle accident. What effect will this have on Vince's life?
A) He will not remember how to ride his motorcycle.
B) He will not remember his name.
C) He will not recognize his wife.
D) He will not remember where he lives.

Accepted Answer

The cerebellum is responsible for motor coordination and balance. Therefore, injury to this area of the brain may affect Vince's ability to ride his motorcycle or perform other activities that require coordination and balance. It is unlikely to affect his memory or recognition of people and places, as those functions are associated with other areas of the brain.

Question 15

According to the serial position effect, if you are a waiter trying to remember all the orders for a table of seven, you should pay particular attention to the ________ orders.
A) 1st and 2nd
B) 6th and 7th
C) 3rd, 4ᵗʰ, and 5th
D) 1st, 3rd, and 7th

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to the serial position effect, if...

Question 16

Which of the following is likely to create a flashbulb memory?
A) the first time you drive a car
B) watching live images of 9/11
C) finding out that you are pregnant
D) All of these.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is likely to...

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT one of the three structural levels of autobiographical memory identified by Conway and Rubin?
A) reminiscence bump
B) event-specific knowledge
C) life time periods
D) general events

Accepted Answer

The reminiscence bump is actually a phenomenon within one of the structural levels of autobiographical memory known as life time periods. Therefore, the correct answer is A.

Question 18

The California children who were kidnapped at gunpoint on a school bus, and then buried for 16 hours before escaping, were documented as having the classic signs of ________ memory.
A) flashbulb
B) traumatic
C) prospective
D) serial

Accepted Answer

The fact that the children were kidnapped at gunpoint and buried for 16 hours points towards an extremely traumatic experience, indicating that they may have developed traumatic memory.

Question 19

Motivated forgetting is usually associated with what type of memories?
A) procedural
B) flashbulb
C) autobiographical
D) traumatic

Accepted Answer

Motivated forgetting typically occurs with memories that are traumatic or emotionally disturbing. People may actively suppress these memories in order to avoid the emotional pain or discomfort associated with them. While procedural memories (related to motor skills) and autobiographical memories (related to personal experiences) can also be forgotten, they are not necessarily associated with motivated forgetting. Flashbulb memories, which are vivid and detailed recollections of unexpected and emotionally intense events, may also be remembered or forgotten for different reasons than motivated forgetting.

Question 20

The memory of where you were when you heard about the events of 9/11 is termed a(n) ________ memory.
A) semantic
B) flashbulb
C) implicit
D) procedural

Accepted Answer

Flashbulb memories are vivid, detailed, and long-lasting memories of emotionally significant events. They are typically formed during unexpected and consequential events, such as the news of a loved one's death or a national tragedy like 9/11. Therefore, option B is the best choice. The other options are not appropriate as semantic memories are general knowledge, implicit memories are unconscious memories of skills and habits, and procedural memories relate to the steps involved in a particular task.

Quiz 7: Memory

Repression is

Hillary is recalling details from her most recent trip to Disney World. Which lobe of her brain is most active?

Cognitive psychologist, Jonathan Schooler, has suggested that the term "recovered" memories be replaced with the term "discovered" memories. Why?

Juanita is an administrative assistant in the human resources department of a local business. She has noticed that in nearly every case, the last person interviewed for a job gets hired. What effect of memory may be influencing the hiring practice?

Samantha prides herself in "never forgetting a face," although she frequently cannot put the correct name with a specific face. Samantha is really saying that she is better at

Detectives take advantage of context-dependent memory by

An individual's autobiographical memory forms the core of the individual's

In the Chowchilla, California kidnapping case, school children were kidnapped at gunpoint and buried for 16 hours before escaping. Several years after the event, a child psychiatrist interviewed the children. She reported that

On the ride home from her senior prom, Mary's date ran a red light and crashed into another vehicle. Twenty years later, Mary can still remember the song that was playing on the radio at the time of the crash. This memory is best described as a(n) ________ memory.

Eyewitness accounts of crimes are

Kim was telling her friend about her most recent trip to her grandmother's house, but was having trouble remembering certain details. Later that month she visited her grandmother again and the details came flooding back. This is an example of

George just graduated from college and is going on his first job interview. He has learned that there are two other candidates. Because of the information he has learned about the serial position effect, George asks to be either the first or the last candidate interviewed. Why?

Your roommate, Rhiana, asks your advice on how to best study for her final exams. Because of your knowledge of context dependent memory, you recommend that she study

Your friend, Vince, suffered serious injury to his cerebellum in a motorcycle accident. What effect will this have on Vince's life?

According to the serial position effect, if you are a waiter trying to remember all the orders for a table of seven, you should pay particular attention to the ________ orders.

Which of the following is likely to create a flashbulb memory?

Which of the following is NOT one of the three structural levels of autobiographical memory identified by Conway and Rubin?

The California children who were kidnapped at gunpoint on a school bus, and then buried for 16 hours before escaping, were documented as having the classic signs of ________ memory.

Motivated forgetting is usually associated with what type of memories?

The memory of where you were when you heard about the events of 9/11 is termed a(n) ________ memory.