Question 1

The sociology of deviance:
A) accepts historical relativity, but rejects relativity from one collectivity to another.
B) accepts relativity from one collectivity to another, but rejects historical relativity.
C) accepts both historical relativity and relativity from one collectivity toanother.
D) rejects both historical relativity and relativity from one collectivity toanother.
E) none of the above.

Accepted Answer

The sociology of deviance recognizes that what is considered deviant behavior can vary across different time periods and cultures. Therefore, it accepts both historical relativity and relativity from one collectivity to another. The concept of deviance is not fixed and static, but rather is socially constructed and can vary depending on the social context.

Question 2

Over time, public attitudes toward gay sex represents an example of defining deviance:
A) down.
B) up
C) neither up nor down
D) both up and down
E) none of the above

Accepted Answer

Over time, public attitudes toward gay sex have become less stigmatized or deviant, indicating a downward trend in defining deviance. This is evidenced by the legalization of same

Question 3

Most of the forms of deviance discussed in courses and textbooks on deviance are:
A) abominations of the body
B) violations of esthetic standards
C) behavioral
D) unconventional beliefs
E) tribal stigma of race, nation, and religion

Accepted Answer

Most of the forms of deviance discussed in courses and textbooks on deviance are behavioral. This includes certain actions, practices, or behaviors that go against social norms and values, such as criminal behavior, drug use, and other forms of nonconformity. While the other choices may also be forms of deviance, they are not typically the focus of deviance studies.

Question 4

Medical marijuana is legal in:
A) no states of the United States
B) all states of the United States
C) some states of the United States but not others.
D) most but not all of the states of the United States
E) None of the above

Accepted Answer

Medical marijuana is legal in some states of the United States but not others. As of 2021, 36 states and the District of Columbia have legalized medical marijuana, while 14 states still prohibit it.

Question 5

In the United States, according to federal law, medical marijuana is:
A) legal, but illegal according to all state laws.
B) illegal, but legal according to all state laws.
C) legal, as well as according to all state laws.
D) illegal, as well as according to all state laws.
E) None of the above

Accepted Answer

Federal law in the United States classifies marijuana as a Schedule I controlled substance, making it illegal at the federal level. However, many states have passed their own laws allowing medical and, in some cases, recreational use of marijuana, creating a conflict between federal and state laws. Therefore, none of the provided options accurately describe the legal status of medical marijuana across all states in relation to federal law.

Question 6

Sociologically:
A) Achieved statuses can be the basis for judgments of deviance; ascribed statuses cannot.
B) Ascribed statuses can be the basis for judgments of deviance; achieved statuses cannot.
C) Neither achieved nor ascribed statuses can be the basis for judgments of deviance.
D) Both achieved and ascribed statuses can be the basis for judgments of deviance
E) none of the above

Accepted Answer

Both achieved and ascribed statuses can be the basis for judgments of deviance. For example, a person may be judged deviant based on their ascribed status of race or gender, or based on their achieved status of occupation or education level. Deviance is not solely determined by one's status, but rather by social norms and expectations surrounding that status.

Question 7

In the United States, which of the following is the most morally unacceptable and therefore the most "deviant" of the following activities?
A) using pornography
B) abortion
C) cloning humans
D) extramarital sex
E) interracial marriage

Accepted Answer

Cloning humans is widely considered the most morally unacceptable and deviant among the options given, due to ethical concerns about identity, the nature of humanity, and potential for abuse.

Question 8

The form of deviance that Goffman does not include in his typology is the stigma of:
A) race, religion, and nation
B) abominations of the body
C) blemishes of individual character
D) absolute evil
E) none of the above; all are included in Goffman's typology

Accepted Answer

Goffman's typology of stigma includes three forms: physical deformities (abominations of the body), blemishes of individual character perceived as weak will, treachery, or dishonesty, and tribal stigmas of race, nation, and religion. He does not include "absolute evil" as a category of stigma in his typology.

Question 9

Polluting the environment is deviant according to:
A) all definitions of deviance.
B) no definitions of deviance.
C) some definitions of deviance but not others.
D) the answer to this question is unknown and unknowable.
E) none of the above

Accepted Answer

Some definitions of deviance consider actions that harm the environment to be deviant, while others may focus on different behaviors or actions as deviant. It ultimately depends on the specific definition being used.

Question 10

The sociological definition of deviance is based on:
A) statistical rarity.
B) psychopathology.
C) harm.
D) the reaction of audiences.
E) none of the above

Accepted Answer

The sociological definition of deviance is based on the reaction of audiences, which means that an act is considered deviant when it is negatively reacted to by others in a particular social context. This definition takes into account the social norms and values that shape what is considered acceptable behavior in a given society. It recognizes that deviance is not an inherent property of an act, but rather a label that is socially constructed and can vary across different cultural and historical contexts.

Question 11

Do the sociology of deviance textbooks include a chapter on suicide?
A) All of them do.
B) None of them does.
C) Some do, some don't.
D) The answer to this question is unknown and unknowable.
E) none of the above

Accepted Answer

Some sociology of deviance textbooks may include a chapter on suicide, while others may not. It is not a universal inclusion, but rather a topic that may be addressed depending on the author or edition of the textbook.

Question 12

According to Adler and Adler's "ABCs" of deviance:
A) Behavior can be the basis for judgments of deviance, but physical traits cannot.
B) Physical traits can be the basis for judgments of deviance, but behavior cannot.
C) Both behavior and physical traits can be the basis for judgments of deviance.
D) Neither behavior not physical traits can be the basis for judgments of deviance.
E) none of the above

Accepted Answer

According to Adler and Adler's "ABCs" of deviance, both behavior and physical traits can be the basis for judgments of deviance. The "A" refers to appearance deemed deviant by society, the "B" refers to behavior deemed deviant by society, and the "C" refers to the consequences of deviant behavior or appearance. Therefore, both behavior and physical traits are considered in judgments of deviance.

Question 13

Sociologists pinpoint four defining criteria for deviance. Which of the following is not one of them?
A) a rule or norm
B) someone who violates that rule or norm
C) an audience who judges that a violation has taken place
D) the likelihood that an audience reacts negatively to a given violation
E) none of the above is not a criterion for deviance

Accepted Answer

The four defining criteria for deviance include a rule or norm, someone who violates that rule or norm, an audience who judges that a violation has taken place, and the likelihood that an audience reacts negatively to a given violation. Therefore, none of the options listed is incorrect as a criterion for deviance.

Question 14

The ABCs of deviance are:
A) affairs-the banality of evil-cupidity
B) arrogance-babbling-cruelty
C) absence-backwardness-confusion
D) attitudes-behavior-conditions
E) none of the above

Accepted Answer

The answer of The ABCs of deviance are:
A) affairs-the banality...

Question 15

The perspective that focuses on explanations for why deviant behavior takes place is referred to as:
A) contextualism
B) constructivism
C) relativism
D) positivism
E) criminalization

Accepted Answer

The perspective that focuses on explanations for why deviant behavior takes place is referred to as positivism. Positivism is a scientific approach to understanding criminal behavior that emphasizes the use of the scientific method, empirical evidence, and statistical analysis to explain why deviant behavior takes place.

Question 16

The first comprehensive modern deviance textbook was:
A) Erving Goffman's Stigma
B) Howard Becker's Outsiders
C) Marshall Clinard's Sociology of Deviant Behavior
D) Ned Polsky's Hustlers, Beats, and Others
E) Edwin Sagarin's Deviance and Deviants

Accepted Answer

Marshall Clinard's "Sociology of Deviant Behavior" is considered the first comprehensive modern textbook on deviance, providing a systematic study of deviant behavior and its social implications.

Question 17

An example of "situational" deviance is behavior that is or was punished as wrongful:
A) everywhere in the world
B) in France and the United States
C) among Third World countries as well as in fully developed industrialized nations of the world
D) throughout historical time
E) none of the above is an example of situational deviance

Accepted Answer

Situational deviance refers to behaviors that are considered deviant in some contexts but not others, rather than being universally or historically consistent. Choices A, B, C, and D suggest universal or widespread standards, which do not accurately reflect the concept of situational deviance.

Question 18

Which of the following behaviors was recognized as a form of seriously wrongful behavior only within the past decade or so?
A) the use of pornography
B) sexual harassment
C) rape
D) sex before marriage
E) adultery

Accepted Answer

Sexual harassment has only recently been recognized as a form of seriously wrongful behavior, with growing awareness and public discourse on the issue in the past decade or so. The other options, such as pornography, rape, sex before marriage, and adultery, have long been considered forms of wrongful or immoral behavior in many cultures and societies throughout history.

Question 19

Sociologists define deviance as______________ that violates a collective's norms, the violation of which tends to attract negative reactions from specified audiences.
A) behavior only
B) behavior and beliefs only
C) behavior and conditions only
D) behavior, beliefs, and conditions (along with racial, ethnic, national, and religious characteristics)
E) none of the above

Accepted Answer

Deviance encompasses behavior, beliefs, and conditions, as well as characteristics such as race, ethnicity, nationality, and religion. It involves violating a collective's norms, which leads to negative reactions from certain audiences.

Question 20

In deviance, sociologically considered:
A) no genuine universals exist
B) one universals exists-"Thou shalt not kill."
C) many universals exist
D) the answer to this question is unknown-and unknowable
E) none of the above

Accepted Answer

Deviance is a relative concept, varying across cultures and time periods. What is considered deviant in one society may be normal in another, indicating that there are no genuine universals in deviance.

Quiz 1: Introducing Deviance

The sociology of deviance:

Over time, public attitudes toward gay sex represents an example of defining deviance:

Most of the forms of deviance discussed in courses and textbooks on deviance are:

Medical marijuana is legal in:

In the United States, according to federal law, medical marijuana is:

Sociologically:

In the United States, which of the following is the most morally unacceptable and therefore the most "deviant" of the following activities?

The form of deviance that Goffman does not include in his typology is the stigma of:

Polluting the environment is deviant according to:

The sociological definition of deviance is based on:

Do the sociology of deviance textbooks include a chapter on suicide?

According to Adler and Adler's "ABCs" of deviance:

Sociologists pinpoint four defining criteria for deviance. Which of the following is not one of them?

The ABCs of deviance are:

The perspective that focuses on explanations for why deviant behavior takes place is referred to as:

The first comprehensive modern deviance textbook was:

An example of "situational" deviance is behavior that is or was punished as wrongful:

Which of the following behaviors was recognized as a form of seriously wrongful behavior only within the past decade or so?

Sociologists define deviance as______________ that violates a collective's norms, the violation of which tends to attract negative reactions from specified audiences.

In deviance, sociologically considered: