Question 1

The _____ comprise the first category of people to adopt an innovation.
A) early adopters
B) innovators
C) early majority
D) laggards

Accepted Answer

Innovators are the first category of people to adopt an innovation. They are risk-takers, curious and willing to try new things before others.

Question 2

The statement "Overeating at holidays is triggered by many food advertisements,in-store displays,and party buffets that people encounter" is an example of which of the following theories?
A) Health belief model
B) Diffusion of innovation theory
C) Social cognitive theory
D) Theory of reasoned action

Accepted Answer

The statement describes how external factors such as advertisements, in-store displays, and party buffets influence people's behavior, which aligns with the principles of social cognitive theory. The health belief model focuses on individual beliefs and attitudes towards health behaviors, the diffusion of innovation theory focuses on how new ideas and products spread through society, and the theory of reasoned action emphasizes the role of attitudes and subjective norms in predicting behavior.

Question 3

Select one of the stages within the transtheoretical model and describe three intervention strategies that could be incorporated into a nutrition education session.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Select one of the stages within the...

Question 4

The cognitive-behavioral theory is best applied when people are
A) not ready to make a change.
B) almost ready to make a change.
C) actively ready to make a change.
D) already changing the targeted behavior.

Accepted Answer

Cognitive-behavioral theory is most effective when individuals are actively ready to make a change, as it focuses on altering thought patterns and behaviors to facilitate change.

Question 5

Within the social cognitive theory,approaching behavior change in small steps that enhance the person's self-confidence is an implication of the concept of
A) expectations.
B) observational learning.
C) reinforcements.
D) self-efficacy.

Accepted Answer

The concept of self-efficacy in social cognitive theory emphasizes that individuals are more likely to engage in behavior change if they have a belief in their ability to succeed. One way to enhance self-efficacy is to approach behavior change in small steps that gradually increase the person’s confidence. This will also help them to overcome any potential obstacles, leading to greater success in achieving their goals. Therefore, the best choice is D – self-efficacy.

Question 6

According to the diffusion of innovation theory,the stages that an individual passes through in adopting a new behavior include all of the following except
A) knowledge.
B) persuasion.
C) confirmation.
D) preparation.

Accepted Answer

The stages in the diffusion of innovation theory are knowledge, persuasion, decision, implementation, and confirmation. Preparation is not one of these stages.

Question 7

What are the stages in the stages of change model? Apply this theory to dieting for weight loss.

Accepted Answer

The answer of What are the stages in the stages...

Question 8

Albert Bandura is most frequently associated with the
A) diffusion of innovation model.
B) health belief model.
C) social cognitive theory.
D) stages of change model.

Accepted Answer

Albert Bandura is most widely recognized for his contributions to social cognitive theory, which emphasizes the role of cognitive and social factors in shaping behavior.

Question 9

According to the theory of planned behavior,if a pregnant adolescent views breastfeeding as good for her unborn child,as do her peers,then her motivation or intention to breastfeed upon delivery is _____.
A) lessened
B) heightened
C) not influenced by these factors

Accepted Answer

According to the theory of planned behavior, attitudes of people and their subjective norms (the perceived social pressure to comply with these attitudes) play a significant role in determining their behavioral intentions. In this scenario, if a pregnant adolescent views breastfeeding as good for her unborn child and her peers hold a similar view, then her intention or motivation to breastfeed upon delivery is likely to be heightened.

Question 10

A person's _____ influences his/her subjective norms.
A) peer base
B) family
C) inner value system
D) All of these influence subjective norms

Accepted Answer

All three factors- peer base, family, and inner value system, have an impact on a person's subjective norms. Peer groups and family members play a crucial role in shaping an individual's attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors. Similarly, a person's inner value system, i.e., their internalized set of beliefs and principles, also affects their subjective norms. Therefore, all these factors are responsible for influencing an individual's subjective norms.

Question 11

Within the cognitive-behavioral theory,the use of positive self-talk is an example of
A) goal setting.
B) problem solving.
C) stimulus control.
D) cognitive restructuring.

Accepted Answer

Positive self-talk involves recognizing and replacing negative or unhelpful thoughts with positive, realistic, and encouraging thoughts. This aligns with the cognitive restructuring component of cognitive-behavioral theory, which aims to change maladaptive thought patterns by identifying and challenging negative beliefs and replacing them with more accurate and constructive ones.

Question 12

In which of the following categories are opinion leaders often found?
A) Early adopters
B) Early majority
C) Late majority
D) Innovators

Accepted Answer

Opinion leaders are typically individuals who are influential in their social circles and are eager to try new products or ideas. As such, they tend to be early adopters who are among the first to embrace new products or innovations.

Question 13

Within the social cognitive theory,including credible role models of the targeted behavior is an implication of the concept of
A) expectations.
B) observational learning.
C) reinforcements.
D) self-efficacy.

Accepted Answer

Observational learning in social cognitive theory suggests that individuals can learn by watching and imitating others. Having credible role models of the targeted behavior can provide a visual example for individuals to learn from and increase the likelihood that they will adopt the behavior themselves.

Question 14

Within the social cognitive theory,responses to a person's behavior that increase or decrease the likelihood of recurrence are called
A) expectations.
B) observational learning.
C) reinforcements.
D) self-efficacy.

Accepted Answer

Responses to a person's behavior that increase or decrease the likelihood of recurrence are called reinforcements in the social cognitive theory. Expectations refer to a person's anticipation of a future event, while observational learning pertains to learning by observing others. Self-efficacy is one's belief in their ability to perform a specific task or behavior.

Question 15

Rogers and Shoemaker are most frequently associated with which of the theories below?
A) Diffusion of innovation model
B) Health belief model
C) Social cognitive theory
D) Stages of change model

Accepted Answer

Rogers and Shoemaker are most frequently associated with the diffusion of innovation model, which focuses on how and why new ideas and technologies spread throughout a society or community.

Question 16

A strength of social cognitive theory is that it focuses on
A) target behaviors.
B) attitudes.
C) knowledge.
D) skills.

Accepted Answer

Social cognitive theory focuses on how individuals learn and perform behaviors through observation and imitation of others. Target behaviors are the specific behaviors that individuals are trying to learn or change.

Question 17

The process of testing and assessing certain elements of a program before it is implemented fully is called _____ evaluation.
A) outcome
B) input
C) formative
D) strategic

Accepted Answer

Formative evaluation is the process of testing and assessing certain elements of a program before it is implemented fully. It allows for adjustments and improvements to be made before the program is fully implemented. Outcome evaluation assesses the effectiveness of the program after it has been implemented, input evaluation focuses on the resources and materials used in the program, and strategic evaluation assesses if the program is meeting its long-term goals and objectives.

Question 18

Within the social cognitive theory,a person's beliefs about the likely outcomes or results of a behavior are called
A) expectations.
B) observational learning.
C) reinforcements.
D) self-efficacy.

Accepted Answer

Within the social cognitive theory, the term "expectations" refers to a person's beliefs about the likely outcomes or results of a behavior. The other options - observational learning, reinforcements, and self-efficacy - are also important concepts within the theory, but they do not specifically refer to a person's beliefs about outcomes.

Question 19

Which of the following theories prescribes to the philosophy that behaviors are determined by a person's intentions to behave in certain ways,but are influenced by past experiences with behaviors?
A) Diffusion of innovation
B) Stages of change
C) Theory of reasoned action
D) Theory of trying

Accepted Answer

The Theory of Trying focuses on the intention to try to perform a behavior, acknowledging that past experiences with the behavior can influence the intention and the actual attempt to perform the behavior.

Question 20

Compare and contrast intentions and subjective norms as defined within the theory of planned behavior.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Compare and contrast intentions and subjective norms...

Quiz 15: Understanding and Achieving Behavior Change

The _____ comprise the first category of people to adopt an innovation.

The statement "Overeating at holidays is triggered by many food advertisements,in-store displays,and party buffets that people encounter" is an example of which of the following theories?

Select one of the stages within the transtheoretical model and describe three intervention strategies that could be incorporated into a nutrition education session.

The cognitive-behavioral theory is best applied when people are

Within the social cognitive theory,approaching behavior change in small steps that enhance the person's self-confidence is an implication of the concept of

According to the diffusion of innovation theory,the stages that an individual passes through in adopting a new behavior include all of the following except

What are the stages in the stages of change model? Apply this theory to dieting for weight loss.

Albert Bandura is most frequently associated with the

According to the theory of planned behavior,if a pregnant adolescent views breastfeeding as good for her unborn child,as do her peers,then her motivation or intention to breastfeed upon delivery is _____.

A person's _____ influences his/her subjective norms.

Within the cognitive-behavioral theory,the use of positive self-talk is an example of

In which of the following categories are opinion leaders often found?

Within the social cognitive theory,including credible role models of the targeted behavior is an implication of the concept of

Within the social cognitive theory,responses to a person's behavior that increase or decrease the likelihood of recurrence are called

Rogers and Shoemaker are most frequently associated with which of the theories below?

A strength of social cognitive theory is that it focuses on

The process of testing and assessing certain elements of a program before it is implemented fully is called _____ evaluation.

Within the social cognitive theory,a person's beliefs about the likely outcomes or results of a behavior are called

Which of the following theories prescribes to the philosophy that behaviors are determined by a person's intentions to behave in certain ways,but are influenced by past experiences with behaviors?

Compare and contrast intentions and subjective norms as defined within the theory of planned behavior.