Question 1

A nurse is teaching a new diabetic child and family about sick-day management.What information does the nurse plan to include?

Accepted Answer

Sick-day rules are important to prevent diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA).The child should take the normal dose of medication (the liver continues to produce glucose even when not eating)while trying to follow the meal plan.If solids are not tolerated,then offer liquids that contain calories.Check blood sugars every 4 hours while the child is ill,and check ketones with each instance of voiding.Be sure to notify the physician for any concerns.

Question 2

The nursing faculty member explains the functions of the anterior pituitary as regulating which processes?

Accepted Answer

The anterior pituitary produces hormones that influence and regulate growth,metabolic activity,and sexual development.

Question 3

A 55-lb (25-kg)child in the hospital has syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH).The nurse calculates the child's 24-hour fluid allowance at what volume? ____________________

Accepted Answer

The answer of A 55-lb (25-kg)child in the hospital has...

Question 4

Which information does the nurse provide the teen with type 2 diabetes mellitus regarding exercise?

Accepted Answer

The American Diabetes Association has a goal of 30-60 minutes of physical activity a day.When ill,the diabetic should rest.Strenuous activity is not required.

Question 5

The nurse is teaching parents of an infant diagnosed with hypothyroidism.Which items are appropriate to include in the teaching plan?

Accepted Answer

The parents of an infant diagnosed with hypothyroidism need to maintain logs of the child's height,weight,and developmental milestones to help ensure his or her growth and development stays within normal ranges.The child will need frequent blood tests,and the parents can also monitor for behavioral changes that might indicate a need to increase the medication as the child grows.For an infant,the medication is crushed and dissolved in a small amount of liquid and administered via a syringe.It is not added to a bottle of formula.

Question 6

The nurse is explaining to a nursing student that which of the following affect the feedback mechanisms active in the endocrine system?

Accepted Answer

Feedback regulation can be affected by stress,temperature,and nutritional status.

Question 7

A child has been diagnosed with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)and is in the pediatric intensive care unit.Which nursing diagnosis does the nurse direct interventions toward as the priority?

Accepted Answer

Because the child with DKA can be severely dehydrated,priority interventions are directed toward the goal of rehydration.Breathing patterns for the child in DKA may consist of Kussmaul respirations,which are actually the body's way of trying to compensate for the acidosis.As the glucose decreases,this will self-correct.Knowledge deficit can be addressed when the child's condition is stable.Risk for infection is always a potential
diagnosis,and the nurse ensures proper technique to prevent this from occurring.But because the dehydration is so severe,this takes priority.

Question 8

Which long-term goal is most appropriate for the adolescent diabetic patient?

Accepted Answer

The most appropriate long-term goal is that the teen is free from complications,some of which can be devastating.Choosing appropriate foods,blood glucose readings,and taking medications are good goals too,but are too specific for an overall long-term goal.

Question 9

The nursing student knows that which glands control antidiuretic hormone (ADH)?

Accepted Answer

ADH is secreted by the hypothalamus and stored (and subsequently released)by the posterior pituitary glands.

Question 10

The student nurse caring for a child with type 1 diabetes mellitus learns which classic signs?

Accepted Answer

The classic signs of diabetes type 1 are polyuria (frequent urination),polyphagia (extreme hunger),and polydipsia (extreme thirst).Polydactyly is having more than five fingers or toes.Polyneuropathy is having an abnormal condition affecting multiple nerves.

Question 11

A teenager is admitted with Addison's disease.Which laboratory findings does the nurse correlate with this condition?

Accepted Answer

In Addison's disease,the lack of adrenal hormones can cause decreased blood glucose,due to increased sensitivity to insulin,and elevated potassium levels.The other findings are not related.

Question 12

A student nurse is caring for a child with gigantism.Which hormones does the faculty member explain are important in this condition?

Accepted Answer

The nurse must understand the interplay of three hormones important in gigantism: growth hormone,insulin-like growth factor,and somatostatin.

Question 13

A nurse is caring for four teenagers with diabetic ketoacidosis.Which patient should the nurse see first?

Accepted Answer

This potassium is critically high and can lead to fatal dysrhythmias.The nurse should see this patient first.All of the other children have abnormal laboratory values too,but this takes priority.

Question 14

An adolescent with type 1 diabetes mellitus is hospitalized for the third time in 1 year with an infection.Which laboratory value would provide the nurse the most important information?

Accepted Answer

A diabetic adolescent with many infections should be assessed for noncompliance.The hemoglobin A1C is the average blood glucose over the last 3 months and will be helpful to determine how the teen's blood glucose has been controlled over time,thus giving information about compliance.The albumen is normal.The fasting blood sugar is normal and,while in the hospital,is not surprising.The WBC is high,indicating infection.

Question 15

The nurse caring for children with endocrine problems recognizes which classic signs of Addison's disease?

Accepted Answer

There are many signs and symptoms of Addison's disease,including hyperpigmentation,ketonemia,and hyponatremia.The patient's pulse is probably rapid but thready due to dehydration.The patient will complain of cold intolerance.

Question 16

A child is taking methimazole (MTZ).What does the nurse teach parents to report immediately?

Accepted Answer

Methimazole has some side effects that can be serious.Jaundice can signal hepatic failure and pink/red urine can be a manifestation of glomerulonephritis,and so both should be reported without delay.The other manifestations are not due to side effects of this drug.

Quiz 27: Caring for the Child With an Endocrinological or Metabolic Condition