Question 1

​A gavage feeding is one that provides _____.
A) ​nutrition directly through the central vein and includes amino acids,dextrose,and a lipid emulsion
B) ​nutrition through a tube inserted into the stomach or small intestine
C) ​tube feedings originating from the mouth to the stomach or from the nose to the stomach
D) ​oral nutrition that has been pureed thoroughly so the infant does not choke
E) ​nutrition through the use of an oral syringe

Accepted Answer

The answer of ​A gavage feeding is one that provides...

Question 2

​The addition of folic acid as a supplement to grains and flours has helped reduce the incidence of _____.
A) ​spina bifida
B) ​galactosemia
C) ​diaphragmatic hernia
D) ​tracheoesophageal atresia
E) ​cleft palate

Accepted Answer

Folic acid supplementation has been shown to reduce the occurrence of neural tube defects such as spina bifida.

Question 3

A 12-month-old preterm infant born 2 months prematurely should follow feeding recommendations for _____-month-old infants.
A) ​2
B) ​3
C) ​6
D) ​10
E) ​12

Accepted Answer

The answer of A 12-month-old preterm infant born 2 months...

Question 4

​Which program provides financial support and access to health insurance to families of infants with disabling conditions if the family meets income eligibility guidelines?
A) ​WIC
B) ​Early Head Start
C) ​National Council on Pediatric Affairs (NCPA)
D) ​Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA)programs
E) ​Supplemental Social Insurance program

Accepted Answer

The Supplemental Social Insurance (SSI) program provides financial support to families of children with disabilities, including infants, if they meet income eligibility guidelines.

Question 5

​An example of a central nervous system congenital anomaly is _____.
A) a heart malformation
B) ​spina bifida
C) ​cleft lip
D) ​tracheoesophageal atresia
E) ​galactosemia

Accepted Answer

Spina bifida is a congenital anomaly of the central nervous system in which the neural tube fails to close properly during embryonic development, resulting in a spinal cord defect. A, C, D, and E are all congenital anomalies, but they do not affect the central nervous system. A is a heart malformation, C is a facial malformation, D is a defect in the trachea and esophagus, and E is a metabolic disorder.

Question 6

​The energy content of preterm and term breast milk is _____ calories per ounce.
A) ​5
B) ​10
C) ​20
D) ​25
E) ​30

Accepted Answer

The energy content of both preterm and term breast milk is approximately 20 calories per ounce.

Question 7

​Which feeding choice is recommended for preterm infants?
A) ​formula fortified to meet the infants' nutritional needs
B) ​breast milk from a donor bank
C) ​preterm breast milk from the mother
D) ​a combination of preterm breast milk from the mother and fortified formula
E) ​a combination of breast milk from a donor bank and fortified formula

Accepted Answer

Preterm breast milk from the mother is recommended as it contains specific nutrients and antibodies tailored to the infant's needs, promoting better health outcomes.

Question 8

​Preterm infants usually require high calorie feeds that provide _____ calories per ounce.
A) ​18-20
B) ​22-24
C) ​26-28
D) ​28-30
E) ​34-37

Accepted Answer

Preterm infants need high calorie feeds to promote growth and weight gain in order to catch up with full-term babies. A calorie content of 22-24 calories per ounce is usually recommended for preterm infants. This is higher than the calorie content in regular infant formula, which ranges from 18-20 calories per ounce. Higher calorie feeds can help preterm infants achieve their nutrient needs and reach their growth targets.

Question 9

​Provision of adequate energy and nutrients to the very preterm infant requires _____,followed by slow transition to _____.
A) ​breastfeeding;parenteral feeding
B) ​parenteral feeding;breastfeeding
C) ​enteral feeding;parenteral feeding
D) ​parenteral feeding;enteral feeding
E) ​enteral feeding;breastfeeding

Accepted Answer

Very preterm infants require parenteral feeding initially as they may not have fully developed digestive systems and may not be able to tolerate enteral feeding or breastfeeding. Once their condition stabilizes, a slow introduction of enteral feeding is preferred, followed by a transition to breastfeeding if it is deemed suitable for the infant.

Question 10

​One sign of feeding problems in high-risk infants younger than 6 months is _____.
A) ​a brief duration of feeding
B) ​too tight a seal on the mother's nipple
C) ​a rhythmic sucking pattern
D) ​shallow breathing after the feeding
E) ​coughing during the feeding

Accepted Answer

Coughing during feeding can indicate that the infant is having trouble swallowing or that the milk is going down the wrong pipe, which can lead to aspiration and other complications. High-risk infants, such as those with developmental delays or medical conditions, are more prone to feeding problems.

Question 11

​When enteral nutrition is expected to be needed long term,generally over 3 months,the _____ feeding method is most often used.
A) ​only the gavage
B) ​the gavage or gastronomy
C) ​the parenteral or jejunostomy
D) ​the gavage or jejunostomy
E) ​the gastronomy or jejunostomy

Accepted Answer

For long-term enteral nutrition, a gastrostomy or jejunostomy is typically used as they provide a more permanent and comfortable solution for feeding directly into the stomach or small intestine.

Question 12

​Donor milk is typically _____ than preterm breast milk
A) higher in fat​
B) ​lower in fat
C) ​higher in protein
D) lower in protein​
E) ​higher in carbohydrate

Accepted Answer

The answer of ​Donor milk is typically _____ than preterm...

Question 13

​Which statement correctly describes food safety with preterm infants?
A) ​Formula powder is sterile.
B) ​Hospitals limit duration of hang time of continuous feeds to 4 hours.
C) ​Hospital policies require changing of tube feeding assemblies every hour to limit contamination.
D) ​Liquid concentrates and ready-to-feed formulas are unsterile.
E) ​Preterm babies have fully developed immune systems.

Accepted Answer

Hospitals limit the duration of hang time for continuous feeds to 4 hours to minimize the risk of bacterial growth and contamination, which is crucial for the safety of preterm infants with underdeveloped immune systems.

Question 14

The disadvantage of preterm infant formulas is increased risk of _____.​
A) ​phenylketonuria
B) ​necrotizing enterocolitis
C) ​Down syndrome
D) ​developing obesity later in life
E) ​diabetes

Accepted Answer

Preterm infant formulas have a higher concentration of protein, which increases the risk of developing necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), a serious intestinal inflammation that can occur in premature infants.

Question 15

​Which food would be inappropriate for a baby with galactosemia?
A) ​sugar solution
B) ​apple juice
C) ​soybean formula
D) ​breast milk
E) ​orange juice

Accepted Answer

Breast milk contains lactose, which is broken down into galactose and glucose. Babies with galactosemia cannot properly metabolize galactose, making breast milk inappropriate for them.

Question 16

Interventions are required to ensure adequate growth and development when feeding problems are identified in infancy.Which intervention would be least helpful?​
A) ​assessing growth less frequently
B) ​monitoring the infant's intake of all liquids and foods to ensure enough is being consumed
C) ​changing the frequency and volume of feedings as needed
D) ​increasing the nutrient density of foods or fluids
E) ​adjusting nutrition goals to the infant's development abilities

Accepted Answer

Assessing growth less frequently would not be helpful in addressing feeding problems as it would prevent timely identification of growth issues and delay necessary interventions.

Answer: B, C, D, E 
 Monitoring the infant's intake of all liquids and foods, changing the frequency and volume of feedings as needed, increasing the nutrient density of foods or fluids, and adjusting nutrition goals to the infant's development abilities are all important interventions to ensure proper growth and development when feeding problems are identified in infancy. These interventions would help identify and address issues related to quantity and quality of intake, and help individualize an appropriate feeding plan for the infant.

Question 17

​Several factors explain why a preterm baby may be hard to feed.An exception is _____.
A) ​lethargy
B) ​abdominal distension
C) ​altered breathing and heart rate
D) ​disorganized feeding
E) ​high tolerance of volume

Accepted Answer

A high tolerance of volume would not explain why a preterm baby may be hard to feed. The other options all involve physiological or behavioral issues that can make feeding difficult for a preterm baby.

Question 18

​Which nutrition concern is least likely to be associated with infants who have Down syndrome?
A) ​feeding difficulties related to weak muscles in the face and overall
B) ​high rate of linear growth
C) ​gastrointestinal problems
D) ​suboptimal growth rate
E) ​excessive energy intake

Accepted Answer

Infants with Down syndrome typically have slower growth rates and may experience feeding difficulties and gastrointestinal problems, which can lead to suboptimal growth. However, they are not typically associated with a high rate of linear growth. Excessive energy intake may also be a concern for some infants with Down syndrome, but it is not the least likely concern. Therefore, the least likely nutrition concern associated with infants who have Down syndrome is a high rate of linear growth.

Question 19

​If energy provision is inadequate,what stores do preterm infants use to meet their glucose needs?
A) ​fat stores in tissue only
B) ​protein stores in muscle only
C) ​carbohydrate stores in muscle only
D) ​fat and protein stores in tissue and muscle
E) ​protein and carbohydrate stores in muscle

Accepted Answer

Preterm infants may use both fat and protein stores in their tissue and muscle to meet their glucose needs if energy provision is inadequate. This is because glucose is synthesized from amino acids (found in protein) and triglycerides (found in fat). However, excessive use of protein stores for glucose production can lead to muscle wasting and impaired growth. Therefore, it is important to provide adequate energy intake to preterm infants to prevent this from happening.

Question 20

​Routes of enteral feeding include _____.
A) ​gavage and gastronomy feedings only
B) ​gastronomy and jejunostomy feedings only
C) ​parenteral and gavage feedings only
D) ​gavage,gastronomy,and jejunostomy feedings
E) ​gavage,gastronomy,jejunostomy,and parenteral feedings

Accepted Answer

The routes of enteral feeding include gavage feeding (nasogastric or orogastric tube), gastric feeding (gastronomy tube), and jejunal feeding (jejunostomy tube). Parenteral feeding is not considered an enteral route as it bypasses the gastrointestinal tract. Therefore, the correct choice is D.

Quiz 9: Infant Nutrition Conditions and Interventions

A gavage feeding is one that provides _____.

The addition of folic acid as a supplement to grains and flours has helped reduce the incidence of _____.

A 12-month-old preterm infant born 2 months prematurely should follow feeding recommendations for _____-month-old infants.

Which program provides financial support and access to health insurance to families of infants with disabling conditions if the family meets income eligibility guidelines?

An example of a central nervous system congenital anomaly is _____.

The energy content of preterm and term breast milk is _____ calories per ounce.

Which feeding choice is recommended for preterm infants?

Preterm infants usually require high calorie feeds that provide _____ calories per ounce.

Provision of adequate energy and nutrients to the very preterm infant requires _,followed by slow transition to _.

One sign of feeding problems in high-risk infants younger than 6 months is _____.

When enteral nutrition is expected to be needed long term,generally over 3 months,the _____ feeding method is most often used.

Donor milk is typically _____ than preterm breast milk

Which statement correctly describes food safety with preterm infants?

The disadvantage of preterm infant formulas is increased risk of _____.

Which food would be inappropriate for a baby with galactosemia?

Interventions are required to ensure adequate growth and development when feeding problems are identified in infancy.Which intervention would be least helpful?

Several factors explain why a preterm baby may be hard to feed.An exception is _____.

Which nutrition concern is least likely to be associated with infants who have Down syndrome?

If energy provision is inadequate,what stores do preterm infants use to meet their glucose needs?

Routes of enteral feeding include _____.

Quiz 9: Infant Nutrition Conditions and Interventions

​A gavage feeding is one that provides _____.

​The addition of folic acid as a supplement to grains and flours has helped reduce the incidence of _____.

A 12-month-old preterm infant born 2 months prematurely should follow feeding recommendations for _____-month-old infants.

​Which program provides financial support and access to health insurance to families of infants with disabling conditions if the family meets income eligibility guidelines?

​An example of a central nervous system congenital anomaly is _____.

​The energy content of preterm and term breast milk is _____ calories per ounce.

​Which feeding choice is recommended for preterm infants?

​Preterm infants usually require high calorie feeds that provide _____ calories per ounce.

​Provision of adequate energy and nutrients to the very preterm infant requires _____,followed by slow transition to _____.

​One sign of feeding problems in high-risk infants younger than 6 months is _____.

​When enteral nutrition is expected to be needed long term,generally over 3 months,the _____ feeding method is most often used.

​Donor milk is typically _____ than preterm breast milk

​Which statement correctly describes food safety with preterm infants?

The disadvantage of preterm infant formulas is increased risk of _____.​

​Which food would be inappropriate for a baby with galactosemia?

Interventions are required to ensure adequate growth and development when feeding problems are identified in infancy.Which intervention would be least helpful?​

​Several factors explain why a preterm baby may be hard to feed.An exception is _____.

​Which nutrition concern is least likely to be associated with infants who have Down syndrome?

​If energy provision is inadequate,what stores do preterm infants use to meet their glucose needs?

​Routes of enteral feeding include _____.