Question 1

​The brain and brain cells,if destroyed by bilirubin deposits,will _____.
A) ​regenerate in nearly all cases
B) ​regenerate in roughly half the cases
C) ​regenerate haphazardly,leading to brain cancer
D) ​not regenerate
E) ​regenerate immediately

Accepted Answer

Brain cells cannot regenerate, so if they are destroyed by bilirubin deposits, they cannot be replaced.

Question 2

​Which types of drug are usually compatible with breastfeeding?
A) ​antineoplastic agents
B) ​radioactive isotopes
C) ​antihistamines
D) ​drugs of abuse
E) ​drugs that suppress lactation

Accepted Answer

Antihistamines are usually compatible with breastfeeding as they are minimally excreted in breast milk and do not harm the baby. However, some antihistamines with sedative properties may cause drowsiness in the baby and should be used with caution.

Answer: E 
 Drugs that suppress lactation (such as bromocriptine) are sometimes used in cases where breastfeeding is not possible or recommended. However, this should only be done under medical supervision and after considering the potential risks and benefits.

Note: Antineoplastic agents and radioactive isotopes are not usually compatible with breastfeeding as they can harm the baby. Drugs of abuse are obviously not compatible with breastfeeding.

Question 3

​The most frequent cause of hospital readmission for the first two weeks of life is _____.
A) ​hyperbilirubinemia
B) ​diabetes
C) ​Rh sensitization
D) ​hemolytic disease
E) ​kernicterus

Accepted Answer

Hyperbilirubinemia, or high levels of bilirubin in the blood, is a common condition in newborns that can lead to jaundice. If not properly monitored and treated, severe hyperbilirubinemia can cause kernicterus, a rare but serious condition that can lead to neurological damage and even death. Therefore, hyperbilirubinemia is the most frequent cause of hospital readmission for the first two weeks of life.

Question 4

​Your best friend had a baby 3 months ago and is anxious to go "out on the town" with her friends.She is still breastfeeding,but would like to be able to have some drinks.What advice would you give her?
A) ​It is okay to drink while nursing because it actually helps babies sleep.
B) ​It is okay to drink while nursing because it increases breast milk production.
C) ​Pump your milk immediately after drinking and it will be eliminated from your body.
D) ​Pump milk before going out and use that until the alcohol has been cleared from your system.
E) ​Drink only beer because babies tolerate it.

Accepted Answer

It is best to pump milk before going out and use that until the alcohol has been cleared from the system. It takes about 2 hours for the body to metabolize one drink, so if the mother plans to have more than one drink, she should wait until the alcohol has cleared her system before nursing again. Pumping and discarding milk after drinking does not eliminate the alcohol from the mother's system. It is important to prioritize the baby's health and avoid exposing them to alcohol.

Question 5

​Which contraceptive method does the World Health Organization advise women to avoid in the first six weeks postpartum?
A) ​condoms
B) ​progestin-only oral contraceptives
C) ​abstinence from sex
D) ​progestin-only implants
E) ​combined oral contraceptives

Accepted Answer

The World Health Organization advises women to avoid combined oral contraceptives in the first six weeks postpartum due to the increased risk of venous thromboembolism during this period.

Question 6

​The recommendation by R.A.Lawrence for use of herbal teas by nursing women is to choose _____.
A) ​teas using only herbs for essence
B) ​teas containing herbs with active principles
C) ​synthetic teas
D) ​teas that have traditional uses dating back thousands of years
E) ​their tea of preference because all tea is safe

Accepted Answer

R.A. Lawrence recommends using herbal teas that only use herbs for essence as they are the safest option for nursing women. Tea blends that contain herbs with active principles can potentially have adverse effects on the baby or reduce milk production. Synthetic teas should be avoided as they can contain harmful chemicals. Traditional use of herbs alone is not enough to ensure safety as some traditional remedies can also be harmful to infants.

Question 7

​Large doses of St.John's wort decrease prolactin levels in women.This could potentially _____.
A) ​reduce oxytocin levels
B) ​cause breast milk to taste like maple syrup
C) ​cause a woman to become constipated
D) ​reduce breast milk supply
E) ​cause depression in some women

Accepted Answer

Prolactin is a hormone that stimulates milk production in breast tissue. Therefore, decreasing prolactin levels in women could potentially reduce breast milk supply.

Question 8

If a 110-lb nursing woman (50 kg)wants to drink alcohol,how many cans of beer (15 g alcohol/12 oz. )can this woman drink and stay within the Institute of Medicine's alcohol recommendations?
A) ​0
B) ​1
C) ​2
D) ​3
E) ​4

Accepted Answer

The Institute of Medicine recommends that nursing women limit alcohol intake to no more than 0.5 g of alcohol per kg of body weight. For a 50 kg woman, this is 25 g of alcohol. One can of beer contains 15 g of alcohol, so she can drink 1 can and stay within the recommendation.

Question 9

​Breastfeeding women should avoid swordfish,shark,and tuna because they have high _____ levels.
A) ​mercury
B) ​iron
C) ​folate
D) ​calcium
E) ​nitrogen

Accepted Answer

Swordfish, shark, and tuna have high levels of mercury, which can be harmful to infants through breastmilk.

Question 10

​Among the causes of low milk supply is _____.
A) ​too much breastfeeding
B) ​too much pumping
C) ​inefficient emptying of the breast caused by a poor latch
D) ​complete emptying of the breast caused by a secure latch
E) ​small breast size

Accepted Answer

Inefficient emptying of the breast caused by a poor latch can lead to low milk supply. Both too much breastfeeding and too much pumping can actually increase milk supply. Complete emptying of the breast caused by a secure latch is ideal for milk production. Breast size does not necessarily correspond to milk supply.

Question 11

​The symptoms of mastitis and plugged ducts are similar;however,_____ is/are accompanied by _____.
A) ​mastitis;migraines
B) ​mastitis;fever and flu-like symptoms
C) ​plugged ducts;migraines
D) ​plugged ducts;fever and flu-like symptoms
E) ​plugged ducts;weight gain

Accepted Answer

Mastitis is typically accompanied by fever, flu-like symptoms such as body aches and fatigue, and may also present with a red, swollen, and painful breast. Plugged ducts may present with similar pain and tenderness, but without the systemic symptoms like fever and body aches.

Question 12

​Alcohol _____ milk letdown by _____ levels.
A) ​increases;increasing oxytocin
B) ​increases;decreasing oxytocin
C) ​increases;increasing prolactin
D) ​decreases;increasing oxytocin
E) ​decreases;decreasing oxytocin

Accepted Answer

Alcohol decreases milk letdown by decreasing oxytocin levels, which is a hormone responsible for milk ejection in breastfeeding.

Question 13

​A breastfeeding mother asks you if alcohol can be eliminated from her breast milk by pumping immediately after drinking a few glasses of wine.What would you tell her?
A) ​Yes;in fact,discarding your breast milk is a good thing to do if you would like to drink while breastfeeding.
B) ​Yes;pumping will help,but you need to pump for the next 24 hours and discard any milk that you collect.
C) ​No;your breast milk will still contain alcohol;you will need to wait 1 hour per alcoholic beverage and then pump the milk and discard it to be safe.
D) No;the alcohol will still be in the breast milk and will clear from the milk as soon as it clears from the blood stream: roughly 2 to 3 hours per drink for a 120-pound woman.
E) ​No;alcohol cannot be removed from breastmilk;if she wishes to breastfeed,she must eliminate her alcohol consumption.

Accepted Answer

Pumping immediately after drinking alcohol will not eliminate the alcohol from breast milk. The alcohol will clear from the milk as it clears from the mother's bloodstream, which typically takes 2-3 hours per drink for a 120-pound woman. Therefore, it is best to wait for this period before breastfeeding or pumping milk for storage. Discarding milk is not necessary as long as the mother waits for the alcohol to clear from her system.

Question 14

Approximately _____% of healthy full-term infants will become visibly jaundiced with their serum bilirubin levels exceeding 5 to 7 mg/dL.
A) ​20
B) ​30
C) ​40
D) ​50
E) ​60

Accepted Answer

The answer of Approximately _____% of healthy full-term infants will...

Question 15

​Management of early jaundice is best achieved by _____.
A) ​early and frequent breastfeeding
B) ​IV water feedings
C) ​increased formula feedings
D) ​dextrose feedings as a supplement to nursing
E) ​breastfeeding supplemented with formula feedings

Accepted Answer

Early and frequent breastfeeding helps to flush out excess bilirubin from the baby's system and prevent further buildup, thereby managing early jaundice effectively. All the other options do not address the underlying cause of jaundice and may even exacerbate the condition.

Question 16

​Which herb is the most commonly used herbal galactogogue?
A) ​echinacea
B) ​St.John's wort
C) ​fenugreek
D) ​feverfew
E) ​foxglove

Accepted Answer

Fenugreek is the most commonly used herbal galactogogue, as its seeds contain compounds that can increase milk production in lactating women. Echinacea, St. John's wort, feverfew, and foxglove are not galactogogues and do not have any effect on milk production.

Question 17

​The ultimate test of drug safety is the _____ and any side effects on the infant.
A) ​infant's age
B) ​duration of dosing
C) ​measurement of the infant's plasma drug concentration
D) ​drug's exposure index
E) ​infant's feeding pattern

Accepted Answer

The ultimate test of drug safety is measuring the infant's plasma drug concentration and any side effects on the infant. This helps determine the amount of the drug that is actually getting into the baby's system and whether it is causing any adverse effects. The other options (infant's age, duration of dosing, drug's exposure index, and infant's feeding pattern) can also contribute to overall drug safety, but do not provide as definitive of an answer as measuring plasma drug concentration.

Question 18

​A new mother goes to the mall with her friends.She is gone longer than planned and is not able to nurse her baby until she returns 6 hours later.Which problem is she most likely to experience?
A) ​a breast infection
B) ​engorgement
C) ​plugged ducts
D) ​sore nipples
E) ​mastitis

Accepted Answer

The most likely problem that the new mother will experience in this scenario is engorgement, which occurs when the breasts become overfull with milk and can become painful and uncomfortable. This can be remedied by expressing milk or nursing as soon as possible to relieve the pressure on the breasts. However, if left untreated, engorgement can lead to other issues such as plugged ducts or even mastitis.

Question 19

It will take approximately _____ hour(s)to eliminate the alcohol in one glass of wine from a 120-pound nursing woman.
A) ​<1
B) ​2 to 3
C) ​4 to 5
D) ​6 to 7
E) ​12 or more

Accepted Answer

The body typically metabolizes alcohol at a rate of about one standard drink per hour, but for a 120-pound woman, it may take longer, around 2 to 3 hours, to fully eliminate the alcohol from one glass of wine.

Question 20

​The American Academy of Pediatrics classifies _____ as a substance that is contraindicated during lactation.
A) ​alcohol
B) ​caffeine
C) ​THC
D) ​nicotine
E) ​sugar

Accepted Answer

THC, the active ingredient in marijuana, is classified as contraindicated during lactation by the American Academy of Pediatrics. This is because THC can pass into breast milk and potentially affect the developing baby's brain and nervous system.

Quiz 7: Nutrition During Lactation Conditions and Interventions

The brain and brain cells,if destroyed by bilirubin deposits,will _____.

Which types of drug are usually compatible with breastfeeding?

The most frequent cause of hospital readmission for the first two weeks of life is _____.

Your best friend had a baby 3 months ago and is anxious to go "out on the town" with her friends.She is still breastfeeding,but would like to be able to have some drinks.What advice would you give her?

Which contraceptive method does the World Health Organization advise women to avoid in the first six weeks postpartum?

The recommendation by R.A.Lawrence for use of herbal teas by nursing women is to choose _____.

Large doses of St.John's wort decrease prolactin levels in women.This could potentially _____.

If a 110-lb nursing woman (50 kg) wants to drink alcohol,how many cans of beer (15 g alcohol/12 oz. ) can this woman drink and stay within the Institute of Medicine's alcohol recommendations?

Breastfeeding women should avoid swordfish,shark,and tuna because they have high _____ levels.

Among the causes of low milk supply is _____.

The symptoms of mastitis and plugged ducts are similar;however,_ is/are accompanied by _.

Alcohol _ milk letdown by _ levels.

A breastfeeding mother asks you if alcohol can be eliminated from her breast milk by pumping immediately after drinking a few glasses of wine.What would you tell her?

Approximately _____% of healthy full-term infants will become visibly jaundiced with their serum bilirubin levels exceeding 5 to 7 mg/dL.

Management of early jaundice is best achieved by _____.

Which herb is the most commonly used herbal galactogogue?

The ultimate test of drug safety is the _____ and any side effects on the infant.

A new mother goes to the mall with her friends.She is gone longer than planned and is not able to nurse her baby until she returns 6 hours later.Which problem is she most likely to experience?

It will take approximately _____ hour(s) to eliminate the alcohol in one glass of wine from a 120-pound nursing woman.

The American Academy of Pediatrics classifies _____ as a substance that is contraindicated during lactation.

Quiz 7: Nutrition During Lactation Conditions and Interventions

​The brain and brain cells,if destroyed by bilirubin deposits,will _____.

​Which types of drug are usually compatible with breastfeeding?

​The most frequent cause of hospital readmission for the first two weeks of life is _____.

​Your best friend had a baby 3 months ago and is anxious to go "out on the town" with her friends.She is still breastfeeding,but would like to be able to have some drinks.What advice would you give her?

​Which contraceptive method does the World Health Organization advise women to avoid in the first six weeks postpartum?

​The recommendation by R.A.Lawrence for use of herbal teas by nursing women is to choose _____.

​Large doses of St.John's wort decrease prolactin levels in women.This could potentially _____.

If a 110-lb nursing woman (50 kg) wants to drink alcohol,how many cans of beer (15 g alcohol/12 oz. ) can this woman drink and stay within the Institute of Medicine's alcohol recommendations?

​Breastfeeding women should avoid swordfish,shark,and tuna because they have high _____ levels.

​Among the causes of low milk supply is _____.

​The symptoms of mastitis and plugged ducts are similar;however,_____ is/are accompanied by _____.

​Alcohol _____ milk letdown by _____ levels.

​A breastfeeding mother asks you if alcohol can be eliminated from her breast milk by pumping immediately after drinking a few glasses of wine.What would you tell her?