Question 1

Milgram's participants thought they were participating in an experiment to study the effects of _____.

Accepted Answer

Milgram's participants were told that the experiment was studying the effects of punishment on learning, where they were instructed to administer electric shocks to a "learner" for incorrect answers.

Question 2

The two MAJOR kinds of social influence are _____.

Accepted Answer

Conformity and obedience are the two major kinds of social influence. Conformity is when people change their behavior or attitudes to match those of a group, whereas obedience is when people follow direct commands from authority figures. Lowball and foot-in-the-door are specific techniques of persuasion, and agreement and disagreement are outcomes of social influence rather than types of social influence themselves.

Question 3

After the first week at his new school, Gratias had his hair cut the way others were wearing theirs and started tucking in his shirt the way other boys on campus did in order to fit in. This is an example of _____.

Accepted Answer

Gratias is conforming to the norms of the social group he wants to belong to, which is an example of normative social influence. Ingroup favoritism would involve favoring one's own social group over others, outgroup wannabe would involve trying to become part of a social group one doesn't currently belong to, and gang influence would involve being influenced by a particular gang or subculture.

Question 4

Romantic love : companionate love :: _____.

Accepted Answer

Romantic love is often intense and passionate, similar to short-term relationships, and can weaken over time. Companionate love is more stable and enduring, akin to long-term relationships, and can grow stronger over time. The comparison to "knight and princess" versus "real person" reflects the idealized versus realistic nature of these types of love.

Question 5

Obedience is BEST defined as following _____.

Accepted Answer

Obedience is the act of following a direct command or order.

Question 6

A cultural rule of behavior that prescribes what is acceptable or unacceptable in a given situation is called a _____.

Accepted Answer

A norm is a cultural rule of behavior that prescribes what is acceptable or unacceptable in a given situation. Motivators are factors that drive behavior, behavioral determinants are variables that influence behavior, and meta-rules are overarching principles or guidelines for behavior.

Question 7

According to your text, a MAJOR role of romantic love may be that it _____.

Accepted Answer

Romantic love is often seen as a phase that helps maintain attraction between partners long enough for a deeper, more stable form of love, known as companionate love, to develop.

Question 8

What are three factors that explain why people conform?

Accepted Answer

Normative social influence, informational social influence, and reference groups are all specific factors that explain why people conform. Personality, genetics, learning, motivational level, level of physiological arousal, level of interpersonal arousal, introversion-extroversion, bystander bias, and ingroup-outgroup roles are not direct factors that explain conformity.

Question 9

When someone lacks adequate knowledge about how to behave, they often conform to group pressure if the group provides them with direction and information. This is called _____ social influence.

Accepted Answer

Informational social influence refers to the influence that others have on our behavior because we want to be correct and find the right answer. In situations where we lack knowledge or are unsure about how to behave, we turn to others for guidance and follow their lead. This is different from normative social influence, which occurs when we conform to group pressure in order to fit in and be accepted, even if we don't necessarily agree with the group's behavior or attitudes.

Question 10

Amorita agrees to party with friends she admires rather than staying home to study even though she'd rather stay home to study. This is an example of _____.

Accepted Answer

Amorita's decision to go to a party with friends she admires, even though she would rather stay home to study, is an example of how a reference group can influence conformity. Amorita is conforming to the behaviors and desires of her reference group (her friends) rather than following her own desires or making a decision based on her own values or priorities.

Question 11

A constructive way to keep romantic love alive longer is through _____.

Accepted Answer

Nurturing the relationship with flirting, flattery, and celebrations can keep the romance alive longer. Interference or frustration can create tension and resentment, and holding back information can lead to misunderstandings and distance.

Question 12

With regard to the norm for personal space, which of the following persons is MOST likely to break the U.S. norm by standing too close to an American adult?

Accepted Answer

Mediterranean cultures tend to have a more relaxed view of personal space and may stand closer to others during conversation than Americans are used to. The other options do not necessarily have a cultural or situational reason to violate American personal space norms.

Question 13

Lincoln thought he smelled smoke for a second. He looked at others in the classroom and at the teacher. No one seemed concerned, so Lincoln continued taking his test along with his other classmates. This is MOST likely an example of _____.

Accepted Answer

Lincoln's reaction is an example of informational social influence, where he looks to others to determine how to react in a situation, assuming they have more information about the situation than he does.

Question 14

This is the change in behavior due to real or imagined group pressure.

Accepted Answer

Conformity refers to changing one's behavior or attitudes to fit in with a group, either due to real or perceived pressure from the group. Norm compliance describes following rules or social norms, obedience refers to following instructions from an authority figure, and mob rule refers to a situation where a group takes control and disregards the rule of law.

Question 15

Sometimes people conform because they like and admire a group, and want to be like them. This is the _____ explanation for conformity.

Accepted Answer

This is the reference group explanation for conformity, where individuals conform to the norms or values of a group they admire and want to be part of, seeing the group as a standard or reference in their own behavior and attitudes.

Question 16

Compared to Milgram's original study, when did obedience INCREASE?

Accepted Answer

Obedience increased when the teacher read a list of words while another delivered the shock because the diffusion of responsibility made participants feel less accountable for the actions.

Question 17

When someone has a need for approval and acceptance by a group, they often conform to the norms set by that group. This is called _____ social influence.

Accepted Answer

Normative social influence occurs when people conform to the expectations of a group in order to gain acceptance and approval. This can lead people to conform to the group's norms even if they do not agree with them or if they are harmful. Desirable and ingroup social influence are not commonly used terms in psychology. Informational social influence occurs when people conform to the beliefs or behaviors of a group because they believe that the group has accurate information or knowledge.

Question 18

A constructive way to maintain companionate love is to _____.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A constructive way to maintain companionate love...

Question 19

In the classic Asch study of conformity, _____ of the subjects conformed and agreed with obviously incorrect choices made by other group members.

Accepted Answer

More than one-third of the subjects in Solomon Asch's conformity experiments went along with the clearly incorrect majority on at least one question.

Question 20

A strong and lasting attraction characterized by trust, caring, tolerance, and friendship is called _____.

Accepted Answer

The description given in the question matches the definition of companionate love, which is a type of love characterized by deep affection and commitment, based on a long-standing relationship built on trust, mutual respect, and friendship. It is a mature kind of love that lacks the intense passion and excitement of the early stages of romantic love but is built on a strong foundation of shared experiences and feelings of closeness. Intimate love may refer to any kind of emotionally and physically intimate relationship, while passionate love is a more intense, short-lived type of love characterized by strong feelings of infatuation and desire. Therefore, the best choice is A) companionate love.

Quiz 16: Social Psychology