Question 1

Any substance in a sample, other than the one being measured or detected, whose presence affects the result of the test being performed is called a(n) _________________________.

Accepted Answer

interfering substance

Question 2

The setting of an optical instrument prior to testing controls and specimens is required by the manufacturer and is called:
A) quality control.
B) assay.
C) calibration.
D) proficiency labeling.

Accepted Answer

Calibration refers to the process of setting an instrument to a known standard to ensure accuracy and consistency. Prior to testing controls and specimens, optical instruments need to be calibrated in order to obtain reliable and valid results. The other choices (A, B, D) are not specific to the process of setting up an optical instrument and do not accurately describe the required procedure.

Question 3

The federal law that requires all physician's office laboratories (POLs) to meet acceptable standards of accuracy in test results is:
A) MSDS.
B) HIPAA.
C) CLIA 1988.
D) HMIS.

Accepted Answer

CLIA (Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments) 1988 is a federal law that sets standards for all laboratory testing, including POLs. It requires these laboratories to meet acceptable levels of accuracy, reliability, and timeliness of test results. MSDS (Material Safety Data Sheets) and HMIS (Hazardous Material Information System) are not related to laboratory testing standards, and while HIPAA (Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act) sets privacy and security standards for healthcare information, it does not directly address laboratory testing.

Question 4

The HIPAA privacy rule and risk management affect the laboratory in the all following situations except:
A) tests results are considered protected health information and cannot be seen or heard by others.
B) the patient is provided with information regarding how to prepare for a lab test.
C) test results are properly documented on the lab log and on the patient's health record.
D) patients do not have control over the use and disclosure of their health information.

Accepted Answer

The HIPAA privacy rule and risk management require laboratories to maintain the confidentiality and security of patient health information, including test results. Patients have control over the use and disclosure of their health information, and laboratories must obtain written consent before releasing patient data to third parties. However, the other three options (A, B, and C) all reflect ways in which the HIPAA rule and risk management affect the laboratory. Test results must be kept confidential, patients must be provided with information regarding lab tests, and test results must be properly documented.

Question 5

What changes the refraction of light with the100´ objective and increases the upper limit of magnification?
A) Immersion oil
B) Fine-focus adjustment knob
C) Mechanical stage
D) Multiple lens system

Accepted Answer

Immersion oil has a higher refractive index than air, which reduces the loss of light due to refraction and thus increases the upper limit of magnification with high-powered objectives like the 100x objective.

Question 6

The total magnification of a microscope is determined by both the power of the objective lens and the:
A) stage.
B) focal adjustment.
C) nosepiece.
D) ocular lens.

Accepted Answer

The total magnification of a microscope is determined by the power of the objective lens and the ocular lens. The objective lens magnifies the specimen and the ocular lens further magnifies the image created by the objective lens. Therefore, the correct answer is D) ocular lens.

Question 7

A result indicating the absence of the substance that the test is designed to detect is a(n) _____________________ result.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A result indicating the absence of the...

Question 8

What causes the microscopic image to be clearer and sharper?
A) Focus controls
B) Mechanical stage
C) Condenser
D) Nosepiece

Accepted Answer

Focus controls adjust the distance between the objective lens and the specimen, allowing for a clearer and sharper image.

Question 9

Which of the following microscope maintenance actions is incorrect?
A) Clean all lenses with lens paper only.
B) When cleaning the lenses, start with the oil immersion lens.
C) Store the microscope in a dust-free area with a cover over it.
D) Carry the microscope with two hands by the base and arm.

Accepted Answer

When cleaning the lenses, starting with the oil immersion lens is incorrect. The oil immersion lens should be cleaned last, after all other lenses have been cleaned.

Question 10

Which of the following is an example of a CLIA-waived test using a specimen?
A) Pap test
B) Dipstick urinalysis test
C) Pulmonary function test
D) TB skin test

Accepted Answer

A dipstick urinalysis test is a CLIA-waived test that uses a specimen (urine) and can be performed in a variety of healthcare settings without strict laboratory oversight. The other options listed require more specialized expertise and equipment to perform and are not typically considered CLIA-waived tests.

Question 11

The system of monitoring every aspect of the laboratory testing process, starting with the physician's order and ending with the evaluation and communication of the test result, is known as:
A) quality assurance.
B) proficiency testing.
C) quality control.
D) calibration.

Accepted Answer

Quality assurance involves monitoring every aspect of the laboratory testing process, including ensuring accuracy and reliability of test results, documenting all procedures and protocols, identifying and managing errors or quality issues, and communicating results to healthcare providers in a timely and accurate manner. Proficiency testing refers to the evaluation of laboratory testing performance by an external organization, while quality control involves ensuring the accuracy and precision of test results through the use of internal controls and standardization. Calibration refers to the process of adjusting and aligning laboratory instruments to ensure accurate measurements. Therefore, A is the best answer as it describes the entirety of the monitoring process from start to finish.

Question 12

Which statement is false regarding quality control documentation?
A) Levey-Jennings quality control charts have the advantage of showing the results of quality control tests over a period of time.
B) Shifts, trends, and random errors are quickly apparent on a Levey-Jennings chart.
C) Only abnormal test controls should be recorded on a Levey-Jennings chart.
D) A worker may obtain very precise but inaccurate test results.

Accepted Answer

All test controls, both normal and abnormal, should be recorded on a Levey-Jennings chart. This helps to establish a baseline and identify any patterns or trends in the data.

Question 13

Quality control data should be recorded:
A) as OSHA requests it.
B) on the master quality control log and dated after receiving the control result.
C) when the weekend arrives.
D) when the proficiency lab requests it.

Accepted Answer

Quality control data should be recorded on the master quality control log and dated after receiving the control result to accurately track and monitor any trends, deviations, or discrepancies. This is important for ensuring reliable and consistent test results, identifying and resolving issues in a timely manner, and demonstrating compliance with regulatory requirements. OSHA and proficiency labs may request this data, but the primary purpose is for internal quality control purposes. Recording data only when the weekend arrives is not appropriate as quality control should be conducted on a regular basis, regardless of the day of the week.

Question 14

When the internal control area on a qualitative test shows no reaction during the testing process, it is called a(n) _________________________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of When the internal control area on a...

Question 15

When an explanation of laboratory test results is requested by the patient, how should lab workers respond?
A) Give the patient the test results.
B) Refer the patient to the physician.
C) Refer the patient to the front desk.
D) Educate the patient about the normal values of the test.

Accepted Answer

Lab workers should refer the patient to the physician for explanation and interpretation of the test results. Only the physician has the knowledge and training to accurately explain the results in the proper context of the patient's medical history and overall health.

Question 16

Which of the following statements is true?
A) To obtain the total magnification, multiply the power of the objective lens by the power of the condenser.
B) When observing a densely stained slide on oil, move the condenser all the way down and close the iris diaphragm.
C) To obtain maximum magnification, immersion oil is added when using the 45´ objective.
D) You should focus a specimen under the 100´ objective with only the fine-focus adjustment knob.

Accepted Answer

When using the 100´ objective lens, only the fine-focus adjustment knob should be used to avoid damaging the lens and the specimen. The other statements are incorrect - the total magnification is obtained by multiplying the power of the objective lens by the power of the ocular lens, the condenser should be moved up and the iris diaphragm opened for a densely stained slide, and immersion oil is used for objectives with a higher power than 45´.

Question 17

A substance or ingredient used in a laboratory test to detect, measure, examine, or produce a reaction is a(n) ____________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A substance or ingredient used in a...

Question 18

If a POL is performing moderate-complex tests, CLIA requires all of the following except:
A) daily quality control monitoring using internal and/or external controls.
B) external proficiency testing every week.
C) instrument maintenance checks using calibrators and optics checks.
D) quality assurance system to identify patient specimens throughout the testing process.

Accepted Answer

The answer of If a POL is performing moderate-complex tests,...

Question 19

Match between columns
                        Premises: What is it called when controls produce the same test result each time a test is performed and they demonstrate a cluster of results in the same place on a target?
What is a statistical term describing the amount of variation from the mean in a data set?
What is the term that describes when controls consistently fall within2 standard deviations of the mean (results are somewhere within the center of a target)?
What is the average test result of a series of controls?
When both accuracy and precision are accomplished, the testing system is considered what?

Accepted Answer

The Answer of Reliable and Mean and Precision and Accuracy is...

Question 20

Match between columns
                        Premises: What is another term for eyepiece?
The object on the slide should be initially located using which objective?
What part supports the microscope?
What intensifies the light and sends it through the slide into the objective lens?
What is used to turn from one objective to another?

Accepted Answer

The Answer of Ocular lens and Base and Low power is...

Quiz 2: Regulations, Microscope Setup, and Quality Control

Any substance in a sample, other than the one being measured or detected, whose presence affects the result of the test being performed is called a(n) _________________________.

The setting of an optical instrument prior to testing controls and specimens is required by the manufacturer and is called:

The federal law that requires all physician's office laboratories (POLs) to meet acceptable standards of accuracy in test results is:

The HIPAA privacy rule and risk management affect the laboratory in the all following situations except:

What changes the refraction of light with the100´ objective and increases the upper limit of magnification?

The total magnification of a microscope is determined by both the power of the objective lens and the:

A result indicating the absence of the substance that the test is designed to detect is a(n) _____________________ result.

What causes the microscopic image to be clearer and sharper?

Which of the following microscope maintenance actions is incorrect?

Which of the following is an example of a CLIA-waived test using a specimen?

The system of monitoring every aspect of the laboratory testing process, starting with the physician's order and ending with the evaluation and communication of the test result, is known as:

Which statement is false regarding quality control documentation?

Quality control data should be recorded:

When the internal control area on a qualitative test shows no reaction during the testing process, it is called a(n) _________________________________.

When an explanation of laboratory test results is requested by the patient, how should lab workers respond?

Which of the following statements is true?

A substance or ingredient used in a laboratory test to detect, measure, examine, or produce a reaction is a(n) ____________________.

If a POL is performing moderate-complex tests, CLIA requires all of the following except:

Match the questions below with their corresponding quality control terms.

Match the questions below with their corresponding parts of the microscope.