Question 1

The United States uses indigenous courts in:
A)Small towns
B)Rural areas
C)Metropolitan areas
D)Native American reservations

Accepted Answer

Indigenous courts are used in Native American reservations in the United States. These courts operate under tribal law and are responsible for handling cases involving tribal members or issues that occur within the reservation boundaries.

Question 2

Which general type of court answers appeals from lower courts?
A)Courts of limited jurisdiction
B)Courts of general jurisdiction
C)Intermediate appeal
D)Courts of last resort

Accepted Answer

Intermediate appeal courts are specifically designed to handle appeals from lower courts, while courts of limited jurisdiction deal with specific types of cases and have limited authority, and courts of general jurisdiction handle a broader range of cases but do not typically handle appeals from lower courts. Courts of last resort may also handle appeals, but they are the highest level of court in the jurisdiction and typically only hear cases in which there are significant legal issues or conflicts.

Question 3

Bureaucratically based systems are found in the countries that have:
A)Civil Law systems
B)Common Law systems
C)Sacred Law systems
D)Socialist Law systems

Accepted Answer

Civil Law systems are typically bureaucratically based, with a comprehensive set of laws and codes that are applied by judges and administrators.

Question 4

__________________ is a principle that holds that courts and judges are bound to the law and should make decisions without being under the influence, direct or indirect of other governmental or political structures.

Accepted Answer

The answer of __________________ is a principle that holds that...

Question 5

Which of the following countries displays the clearest example of a Politically Oriented System?
A)Germany
B)France
C)Japan
D)United States

Accepted Answer

The United States displays the clearest example of a Politically Oriented System because of its strong emphasis on individual freedoms and democratic principles. The country's political system is built around the concept of checks and balances, with power distributed among the legislative, executive, and judicial branches of government. The US also allows for a competitive multi-party system, meaning that multiple political parties can contest for national leadership positions. This system ensures that no one political force can dominate the country's political decision-making.

Question 6

Which general type of courts are the major trial courts that have jurisdiction over any cases involving criminal law and sometimes civil law?
A)Courts of limited jurisdiction
B)Courts of general jurisdiction
C)Intermediate appeal
D)Courts of last resort

Accepted Answer

Courts of general jurisdiction are the major trial courts that have the authority to hear and decide any cases involving criminal law and sometimes civil law. They are also known as district courts or superior courts in different states. Courts of limited jurisdiction have a limited authority to hear only certain types of cases such as traffic violations, small claims, etc. Intermediate appeals and courts of last resort are appellate courts that review decisions made by lower courts.

Question 7

In societies where communal ties may be strong enough to enable disputes to be settled in informal ways, ______________ courts have been formed.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In societies where communal ties may be...

Question 8

There are three primary methods for how judges are employed: _________________, _________________ and ___________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of There are three primary methods for how...

Question 9

Which of the following countries supports the International Criminal Courts?
A)China
B)Japan
C)United States
D)Russia

Accepted Answer

Japan supports the International Criminal Court (ICC), having ratified the Rome Statute, which established the ICC, in 2007. In contrast, China, the United States, and Russia have not ratified the Rome Statute and do not support the ICC.

Question 10

A simple definition of a _________ is that it is an agency with power to settle disputes in a society.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A simple definition of a _________ is...

Question 11

Whatever the reality of court operations in a society, most agree that a court should have two basic characteristics to function properly:
A)Democracy and judicial impartiality
B)Judicial independence and judicial impartiality
C)Democracy and judicial independence
D)Democracy and no judicial independence

Accepted Answer

Judicial independence ensures that judges are free from outside influence and can make impartial decisions based on the law. Judicial impartiality ensures that judges are unbiased and treat all parties equally before the law. While democracy may also be an important characteristic of a court system, it is not as essential as these two characteristics.

Question 12

Which of the following is not one of the four general categories of legal professionals in developed societies?
A)Adjudicators
B)Advocates
C)Assessors
D)Legal scholars

Accepted Answer

The four general categories of legal professionals in developed societies are adjudicators (judges), advocates (lawyers), legal scholars (professors and researchers), and legal administrators (paralegals and support staff). Assessors are not a commonly recognized category of legal professionals.

Question 13

____________ are legal representatives, usually lawyers, who present the evidence and make the arguments that allow adjudicators to make their decisions.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ____________ are legal representatives, usually lawyers, who...

Question 14

What is the most common method of judge selection?
A)Career choice path
B)Appointment
C)Election
D)Combination method

Accepted Answer

Appointment is the most common method of judge selection in the US federal system and in many state courts. This method involves the president, governor, or other executive authority selecting and appointing a judge from a pool of qualified candidates, often based on recommendations from a judicial nominating commission. Appointment is generally considered the most merit-based and politically neutral method of judge selection.

Question 15

Which legal professional is akin to a paralegal in the United States, and are legally trained individuals who work outside the courtroom to advise and instruct individuals who have legal problems or needs, both civil and criminal?
A)Adjudicators
B)Advocates
C)Assessors
D)Legal advisors

Accepted Answer

Legal advisors are professionals who are trained in law and provide advice and instruction to individuals who have legal problems or needs. This is similar to the role of a paralegal in the United States, who also assists attorneys with legal work and provides support outside the courtroom. Adjudicators, advocates, and assessors have different roles and responsibilities within the legal system.

Question 16

"Courts of Last Resort in France," are called?
A)Courts of Cassation
B)Courts of Appeal
C)Assize Courts
D)Tribunax d' instance

Accepted Answer

Courts of Cassation are the highest courts of appeal in France and are considered the courts of last resort. The other options are lower-level courts with different jurisdictions.

Question 17

The presumption of innocence, the exclusionary rule, protections against self-incrimination, the right to trial by jury and protection against being tried twice for the same offense (double jeopardy) are absent in:
A)English criminal justice
B)French criminal justice
C)Chinese criminal justice
D)Germany criminal justice

Accepted Answer

The listed protections are fundamental principles of the criminal justice system in many Western countries, including the United States, United Kingdom, and Germany. However, in China, the criminal justice system operates differently and these protections may not be guaranteed. The presumption of guilt is often the default, and defendants may not have access to a fair trial or legal representation. Additionally, the exclusionary rule, protection against self-incrimination, and double jeopardy may not be recognized or enforced in the same way as in Western systems.

Question 18

What are the "courts of general jurisdiction for serious crimes in England," called?
A)Crown courts
B)King's courts
C)Magistrates courts
D)Supreme Court of the United Kingdom

Accepted Answer

Crown courts are the courts of general jurisdiction for serious crimes in England, such as murder, robbery, and sexual offenses. They have the power to impose maximum sentences, including life imprisonment. King's courts were historic courts that no longer exist, magistrates courts deal with less serious offenses, and the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom is the highest court in the UK and deals with appeals from lower courts.

Question 19

Which of the following is not one of the three types of courts that exist in Germany's judicial system?
A)Ordinary courts
B)Specialized courts
C)Master courts
D)Constitutional courts

Accepted Answer

The three types of courts in Germany's judicial system are ordinary courts, specialized courts, and constitutional courts. Master courts are not a type of court in Germany.

Question 20

The longest running and most permanent supranational court is the:
A)International Court of Justice
B)European Court of Human Rights
C)International Criminal Tribunal for Yugoslavia
D)International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda

Accepted Answer

The International Court of Justice (ICJ) is the principal judicial organ of the United Nations and has been in operation since 1946. It is tasked with settling legal disputes between states and providing advisory opinions on legal questions referred to it by UN bodies and specialized agencies. It is the only international court to have a universal mandate, meaning it can hear cases involving any state that agrees to its jurisdiction. While the other courts listed have also been in operation for extended periods, the ICJ is the only one that is truly permanent and has a broad mandate.

Quiz 7: The Courts and Legal Professionals

The United States uses indigenous courts in:

Which general type of court answers appeals from lower courts?

Bureaucratically based systems are found in the countries that have:

__________________ is a principle that holds that courts and judges are bound to the law and should make decisions without being under the influence, direct or indirect of other governmental or political structures.

Which of the following countries displays the clearest example of a Politically Oriented System?

Which general type of courts are the major trial courts that have jurisdiction over any cases involving criminal law and sometimes civil law?

In societies where communal ties may be strong enough to enable disputes to be settled in informal ways, ______________ courts have been formed.

There are three primary methods for how judges are employed: _________, _ and ___________.

Which of the following countries supports the International Criminal Courts?

A simple definition of a _________ is that it is an agency with power to settle disputes in a society.

Whatever the reality of court operations in a society, most agree that a court should have two basic characteristics to function properly:

Which of the following is not one of the four general categories of legal professionals in developed societies?

____________ are legal representatives, usually lawyers, who present the evidence and make the arguments that allow adjudicators to make their decisions.

What is the most common method of judge selection?

Which legal professional is akin to a paralegal in the United States, and are legally trained individuals who work outside the courtroom to advise and instruct individuals who have legal problems or needs, both civil and criminal?

"Courts of Last Resort in France," are called?

The presumption of innocence, the exclusionary rule, protections against self-incrimination, the right to trial by jury and protection against being tried twice for the same offense (double jeopardy) are absent in:

What are the "courts of general jurisdiction for serious crimes in England," called?

Which of the following is not one of the three types of courts that exist in Germany's judicial system?

The longest running and most permanent supranational court is the: