Question 1

Assume each of the following is a deductive argument. In each case, is the argument valid or invalid? (V or I)
-Ann and Bob both won't be home. So Ann won't be home.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Assume each of the following is a...

Question 2

Assume each of the following is a deductive argument. In each case, is the argument valid or invalid? (V or I)
-All aardvarks are cute critters. All cute critters are lovable. So all aardvarks are lovable.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Assume each of the following is a...

Question 3

Assume each of the following is a deductive argument. In each case, is the argument valid or invalid? (V or I)
-No aardvarks are reptiles. No reptiles are warm-blooded. So all aardvarks are warm-blooded.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Assume each of the following is a...

Question 4

Assume each of the following is a deductive argument. In each case, is the argument valid or invalid? (V or I)
-No aardvarks are reptiles. No reptiles are blue. So no aardvarks are blue.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Assume each of the following is a...

Question 5

Assume each of the following is a deductive argument. In each case, is the argument valid or invalid? (V or I)
-If the Chicago Bulls win, then Ed will collect ten bucks. The Chicago Bulls will win. So Ed will collect ten bucks.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Assume each of the following is a...

Question 6

Assume each of the following is a deductive argument. In each case, is the argument valid or invalid? (V or I)
-We will either skip breakfast, or we will skip lunch. But we won't skip breakfast. So we will skip lunch.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Assume each of the following is a...

Question 7

Assume each of the following is a deductive argument. In each case, is the argument valid or invalid? (V or I)
-If Sue wins, then Ed will be happy. If Ed is happy, then George will be happy. So if Sue wins, then George will be happy.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Assume each of the following is a...

Question 8

The following is a strong argument: It has been snowing for thirty days straight, and the prediction is for the snow to continue tomorrow. Thus, tomorrow it will probably snow.

Accepted Answer

The argument is strong because it is based on consistent, recent evidence (thirty days of snow) and a prediction that aligns with this pattern, making it reasonable to conclude that it will probably snow tomorrow.

Question 9

The following is a strong argument: It has been snowing for sixty days straight, and the prediction is for the snow to continue tomorrow. Thus, tomorrow it will probably not snow.

Accepted Answer

The conclusion that it will probably not snow contradicts the evidence of continuous snowfall and the prediction for more snow, making it a weak argument.

Question 10

The following is a strong argument: It has been snowing for three days straight. Thus, tomorrow it will probably snow.

Accepted Answer

The argument is based on the assumption that the weather will continue to follow the same pattern as it has in the past. However, this is not always the case. The weather can be unpredictable, and there is no guarantee that it will continue to snow tomorrow just because it has been snowing for the past three days.

Question 11

The following is a weak argument: It has been snowing for sixty days straight, and the prediction is for the snow to continue tomorrow. Thus, tomorrow it will probably be a sunny day.

Accepted Answer

The argument is weak because it concludes the opposite of what the evidence suggests; if it has been snowing for many days and is predicted to continue, it is not logical to conclude that it will probably be sunny.

Question 12

The following is a strong argument: Joe has eaten lunch at the taco stand every day for sixty days straight. Tomorrow is an ordinary day. Thus, tomorrow he will probably eat there again.

Accepted Answer

This argument is considered strong because it is based on a consistent pattern of behavior observed over a significant period, making the conclusion that Joe will probably eat there again tomorrow reasonable and likely.

Question 13

The following is a strong argument: Joe has eaten lunch at the taco stand every day for three days straight. Thus, tomorrow he will probably eat there again.

Accepted Answer

The argument is based on a small sample size and does not take into account other factors that could influence Joe's decision, such as his mood, the weather, or the availability of other food options.

Question 14

The following is a weak argument: Joe has eaten lunch at the taco stand every day for sixty days straight. Thus, tomorrow he will probably not eat there again.

Accepted Answer

The argument is weak because it assumes without justification that a change in Joe's behavior is likely, despite the evidence of a strong pattern of behavior suggesting he will continue to eat at the taco stand.

Question 15

The following is a weak argument: Joe has eaten lunch at the taco stand every day for two days straight. Thus, tomorrow he will probably eat there again.

Accepted Answer

This argument is weak because it generalizes future behavior based on a very limited observation, assuming without sufficient evidence that a short-term pattern will continue.

Question 16

The following is a weak argument: Joe has eaten lunch at the taco stand every day for sixty days straight. Tomorrow is an ordinary day. Thus, tomorrow he will probably not eat there.

Accepted Answer

The argument is weak because it assumes a break in a consistent pattern without providing a valid reason for the change.

Question 17

The following is a strong argument: Joe has eaten lunch at the taco stand every day for sixty days straight. Tomorrow is an ordinary day. Thus, tomorrow he will probably eat there again.

Accepted Answer

This argument is considered strong because it is based on a consistent pattern of behavior observed over a significant period, making the conclusion that Joe will probably eat there again tomorrow reasonable and likely.

Question 18

The following is a weak argument: Joe hasn't eaten lunch at the taco stand for sixty days straight. Thus, tomorrow he will probably not eat there again.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The following is a weak argument: Joe...

Question 19

The following is a weak argument: Joe hasn't eaten lunch at the taco stand for sixty days straight. Thus, tomorrow he will probably eat there.

Accepted Answer

The argument is weak because it assumes without sufficient evidence that a break in a pattern (not eating at the taco stand for sixty days) will lead to a resumption of the previous behavior (eating there tomorrow), without providing any rationale or evidence to support this conclusion.

Question 20

The following is a strong argument: Joe hasn't eaten lunch at the taco stand for sixty days straight. Thus, tomorrow he will probably not eat there again.

Accepted Answer

The argument uses inductive reasoning based on a pattern of behavior (not eating at the taco stand for sixty days) to make a probable prediction about future behavior, making it a strong argument given the evidence provided.

Quiz 10: Deduction and Induction: A Closer Look

Assume each of the following is a deductive argument. In each case, is the argument valid or invalid? (V or I) -Ann and Bob both won't be home. So Ann won't be home.

Assume each of the following is a deductive argument. In each case, is the argument valid or invalid? (V or I) -All aardvarks are cute critters. All cute critters are lovable. So all aardvarks are lovable.

Assume each of the following is a deductive argument. In each case, is the argument valid or invalid? (V or I) -No aardvarks are reptiles. No reptiles are warm-blooded. So all aardvarks are warm-blooded.

Assume each of the following is a deductive argument. In each case, is the argument valid or invalid? (V or I) -No aardvarks are reptiles. No reptiles are blue. So no aardvarks are blue.

Assume each of the following is a deductive argument. In each case, is the argument valid or invalid? (V or I) -If the Chicago Bulls win, then Ed will collect ten bucks. The Chicago Bulls will win. So Ed will collect ten bucks.

Assume each of the following is a deductive argument. In each case, is the argument valid or invalid? (V or I) -We will either skip breakfast, or we will skip lunch. But we won't skip breakfast. So we will skip lunch.

Assume each of the following is a deductive argument. In each case, is the argument valid or invalid? (V or I) -If Sue wins, then Ed will be happy. If Ed is happy, then George will be happy. So if Sue wins, then George will be happy.

The following is a strong argument: It has been snowing for thirty days straight, and the prediction is for the snow to continue tomorrow. Thus, tomorrow it will probably snow.

The following is a strong argument: It has been snowing for sixty days straight, and the prediction is for the snow to continue tomorrow. Thus, tomorrow it will probably not snow.

The following is a strong argument: It has been snowing for three days straight. Thus, tomorrow it will probably snow.

The following is a weak argument: It has been snowing for sixty days straight, and the prediction is for the snow to continue tomorrow. Thus, tomorrow it will probably be a sunny day.

The following is a strong argument: Joe has eaten lunch at the taco stand every day for sixty days straight. Tomorrow is an ordinary day. Thus, tomorrow he will probably eat there again.

The following is a strong argument: Joe has eaten lunch at the taco stand every day for three days straight. Thus, tomorrow he will probably eat there again.

The following is a weak argument: Joe has eaten lunch at the taco stand every day for sixty days straight. Thus, tomorrow he will probably not eat there again.

The following is a weak argument: Joe has eaten lunch at the taco stand every day for two days straight. Thus, tomorrow he will probably eat there again.

The following is a weak argument: Joe has eaten lunch at the taco stand every day for sixty days straight. Tomorrow is an ordinary day. Thus, tomorrow he will probably not eat there.

The following is a strong argument: Joe has eaten lunch at the taco stand every day for sixty days straight. Tomorrow is an ordinary day. Thus, tomorrow he will probably eat there again.

The following is a weak argument: Joe hasn't eaten lunch at the taco stand for sixty days straight. Thus, tomorrow he will probably not eat there again.

The following is a weak argument: Joe hasn't eaten lunch at the taco stand for sixty days straight. Thus, tomorrow he will probably eat there.

The following is a strong argument: Joe hasn't eaten lunch at the taco stand for sixty days straight. Thus, tomorrow he will probably not eat there again.