Question 1

Today, African Americans are almost as segregated from whites within the suburban belts around cities compared to a few decades ago.

Accepted Answer

Despite some progress towards integration, many studies and reports indicate that African Americans remain significantly segregated from whites in suburban areas, a pattern that has not drastically changed over the past few decades. This persistence of segregation is attributed to various factors, including economic disparities, historical housing policies, and ongoing discrimination.

Question 2

Today, Latino and Asian American populations whites within the suburban belts around cities are significantly less segregated from whites compared to a few decades ago.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Today, Latino and Asian American populations whites...

Question 3

For several decades numerous housing audit studies, using white and black testers (and sometimes Asian and Latino testers) have demonstrated that racial barriers in regard to rental housing and purchased housing are commonplace in metropolitan areas.

Accepted Answer

These housing audit studies have consistently shown that people of color, including Black, Asian, and Latino individuals, face significant discrimination and barriers when seeking rental or purchased housing in metropolitan areas, compared to their white counterparts.

Question 4

A discriminatory impact standard requires a finding of intent to discriminate.

Accepted Answer

A discriminatory impact standard focuses on the effects of a policy or practice, not the intent behind it. It assesses whether an action has a disproportionately negative impact on a protected group, regardless of whether there was an intention to discriminate.

Question 5

One early 2000s survey found that 27 percent of white respondents were willing to publicly admit that they felt there should be a law that allows a homeowner to openly discriminate against African Americans in the sale of a house.

Accepted Answer

The survey referenced is likely the 2000 General Social Survey (GSS), which found that a significant minority of white respondents expressed support for the right of homeowners to discriminate against African Americans in selling their homes. This reflects enduring racial biases and the importance of understanding public attitudes towards race and discrimination.

Question 6

Recent opinion surveys reveal that a significant proportion of American whites feel they should be able to discriminate against people of color in selling or renting housing.

Accepted Answer

Recent opinion surveys have indeed revealed that a significant proportion of American whites feel they should be able to discriminate against people of color in selling or renting housing.

Question 7

Many African Americans wish to be among the first families in a predominantly white area.

Accepted Answer

Preferences for neighborhood composition vary widely among African Americans, just as they do within any demographic group. Many factors influence such decisions, including desires for cultural affinity, socioeconomic matching, and personal comfort, rather than a uniform wish to be pioneers in predominantly white areas.

Question 8

In its 2017 report, the National Fair Housing Alliance reported that the federal government's housing agency continues to receive numerous complaints of insurance redlining.

Accepted Answer

The National Fair Housing Alliance has reported on various forms of housing discrimination, including insurance redlining, which involves insurers refusing to cover homes in certain areas based on racial or economic demographics. Their reports, including those around 2017, have highlighted ongoing issues with such practices, indicating that complaints continue to be made to federal housing agencies.

Question 9

A recent report of the National Commission on Fair Housing found that federal and state laws banning racial discrimination in rental and sales housing are at best weakly enforced in many U.S. areas.

Accepted Answer

Despite the existence of federal and state laws aimed at eliminating racial discrimination in housing, enforcement of these laws is often inconsistent and weak in many areas across the United States, leading to ongoing issues of housing discrimination based on race.

Question 10

Nowadays, there is a very proactive and persistent federal watchdog organization that seeks out and punishes commonplace housing discrimination.

Accepted Answer

While there are federal agencies tasked with addressing housing discrimination, such as the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD), the effectiveness and proactivity of these organizations can vary widely, and housing discrimination remains a significant issue. Enforcement and resources can be limited, and many cases may go unreported or unaddressed.

Question 11

When complaints are brought by victims of discrimination to the state housing agencies, which vary greatly in the processing, they usually find some redress for the discrimination.

Accepted Answer

The effectiveness of state housing agencies in addressing complaints of discrimination varies significantly, and victims do not always find redress for their grievances.

Question 12

Researchers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) estimated that escalating Chinese imports between 1999 and 2011 cost nearly 2.5 million U.S. jobs that would otherwise have been kept or created in the United States.

Accepted Answer

This statement is based on research by economists David Autor, David Dorn, and Gordon Hanson, who found that increased import competition from China led to significant job losses in the U.S. manufacturing sector during this period.

Question 13

In 2018, the Bureau of Labor Statistics reported that the unemployment rate for black workers had dropped to 6.8 percent, but was still much higher than the 3.7 percent joblessness rate for white workers.

Accepted Answer

In 2018, the Bureau of Labor Statistics did report that the unemployment rate for black workers had dropped to its lowest level on record at 6.8 percent, but it remained significantly higher than the unemployment rate for white workers, which was around 3.7 percent at that time. This disparity highlighted ongoing racial inequalities in the labor market.

Question 14

Some phone and resume research studies have found applicants with "black-sounding" names are much more likely to be contacted about job openings by employers than those with "white-sounding" names.

Accepted Answer

Studies have found that applicants with "white-sounding" names are more likely to be contacted about job openings by employers than those with "black-sounding" names, indicating a bias in the hiring process.

Question 15

Some phone and resume research studies have found black applicants with white-Anglicized names receive equally favorable pre-interview evaluations from white professionals as black applicants with black "ethnic names."

Accepted Answer

Studies have generally found that black applicants with white-Anglicized names receive more favorable pre-interview evaluations from white professionals than black applicants with black "ethnic names," indicating a bias based on the perceived ethnicity of a name.

Question 16

A 2017 National Academy of Sciences overview evaluation of 28 field studies of employment discrimination completed since 1989 found that there has been no reduction in overt hiring discrimination faced by African Americans over this long period.

Accepted Answer

The 2017 National Academy of Sciences report indeed found that over the period studied, there was no significant reduction in the level of overt hiring discrimination against African Americans, indicating persistent racial biases in employment practices.

Question 17

A 2017 National Academy of Sciences overview evaluation of 28 field studies of employment discrimination completed since 1989 found that there has been only a modest decline in discrimination faced by Latinos over this long period.

Accepted Answer

The 2017 National Academy of Sciences overview indeed found that, despite numerous field studies conducted since 1989, there has been only a modest decline in the discrimination faced by Latinos, indicating persistent challenges in reducing employment discrimination against this group.

Question 18

The number of black athletes and other athletes of color is a sign that white racism is no longer a problem in college and professional sports.

Accepted Answer

The presence of black athletes and other athletes of color in college and professional sports does not necessarily indicate the absence of racism. Issues such as racial disparities in leadership roles, unequal access to resources, and racial abuse or discrimination still persist, indicating that racism remains a problem.

Question 19

Recent research demonstrates that black college athletes generally face much economic exploitation and racial discrimination in their experiences.

Accepted Answer

Numerous studies and reports have highlighted that black college athletes, especially in revenue-generating sports like football and basketball, often face economic exploitation and racial discrimination. They generate significant income for their institutions and the NCAA, yet they see little direct financial benefit, and their experiences are frequently shaped by racial biases and inequities.

Question 20

While black college athletes may be celebrated on playing-fields, they are given heavy practice requirements and game schedules, and often do not graduate with an adequate college education.

Accepted Answer

Many black college athletes face rigorous practice schedules and game commitments that can detract from their academic pursuits, leading to lower graduation rates and inadequate educational outcomes compared to their non-athlete peers.

Quiz 6: More Racial Oppression: Other Institutional Sectors