Question 1

Three-year old Tatiana is always on high alert. When her mother leaves her in the care of her baby-sitter, she is often unconsoloable, even when her mother returns to try and ease the stress of the situation. Tatiana exhibits this attachment style

Accepted Answer

Tatiana's behavior is indicative of an insecure-ambivalent attachment style, characterized by intense distress when a caregiver leaves and difficulty being consoled upon their return, showing a desire for closeness but also resistance due to the inconsistency of the caregiver's attention.

Question 2

Among the assertions by attachment theorists about the existence of the attachment styles and cultural significance, which of the following is best supported by research?

Accepted Answer

Research in attachment theory supports the idea that forming attachment relationships in infancy is a universal human tendency, observed across different cultures. This suggests that the need to form attachments is a fundamental part of human nature.

Question 3

Which of the following statements is true regarding the results of the longitudinal study of childcare conducted by the National Institute of Child Health and Development?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following statements is true...

Question 4

All of the following statements are evidence that babies believe that objects are solid, EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

Infants being surprised if objects move without being touched does not directly relate to their understanding of solidity. It more so relates to their understanding of causality and the principle that objects do not move without a cause, rather than the concept of solidity.

Question 5

In developmental psychology, empiricism refers to

Accepted Answer

Empiricism in developmental psychology posits that knowledge comes from experience and that mental characteristics are acquired through interaction with the environment.

Question 6

Nativism is the developmental view that babies enter the world

Accepted Answer

Nativism posits that certain skills or abilities are "native" or hard-wired into the brain at birth.

Question 7

To say that Jean Piaget's theories of cognitive development are "constructivist" means that a child

Accepted Answer

Jean Piaget's constructivist theory posits that children actively construct their understanding of the world through their experiences, rather than inheriting innate ideas or passively absorbing information.

Question 8

According to Piaget, these units of knowledge are cognitive models that children and adults construct of what the world is and how it works.

Accepted Answer

Schemas are cognitive frameworks or concepts that help individuals to organize and interpret information. Piaget proposed that children construct these schemas through their interactions with the environment, as part of their cognitive development process.

Question 9

When Genevieve, was about 12 months old, she had just learned the word "ball." One night she looked up, pointed to the moon and delightedly observed, "Ball!" This is an example of

Accepted Answer

Genevieve is using her existing schema or understanding of what a "ball" is to categorize the moon, which demonstrates assimilation. This is when new experiences are incorporated into existing schemas.

Question 10

When elementary school children's knowledge of birds is altered or expanded so that includes examples like penguin and ostrich, this developmental phenomena has probably occurred.

Accepted Answer

Accommodation occurs when new information or experiences cause you to modify your existing schemas. In this case, expanding children's knowledge of birds to include non-typical examples like penguins and ostriches requires them to adjust their understanding of what constitutes a bird, which is an example of accommodation.

Question 11

This stage of Piaget's developmental theory begins at birth and involves only simple responses to internal and external events.

Accepted Answer

The sensorimotor stage is the first of Piaget's stages of cognitive development, beginning at birth and lasting until about 2 years of age. It is characterized by the development of motor skills and a basic understanding of the world through sensory experiences and physical interactions.

Question 12

Two-month-old Jacqueline has some understanding of object permanence because she reacts to her mother's attempts to engage in games of peek-a-boo. According to Piaget Jacqueline is in this stage of development.

Accepted Answer

Jacqueline is in the sensorimotor stage of development, which spans from birth to about 2 years of age. During this stage, infants learn about the world through their sensory experiences and manipulating objects. A key development in this stage is the understanding of object permanence, the awareness that objects continue to exist even when they cannot be seen, heard, or touched, which is demonstrated by her reaction to peek-a-boo games.

Question 13

When mom tries to play with seven-month-old Willie, she is frustrated because he won't reach for objects that she covers with her hands or a blanket. Willie has thus, not developed

Accepted Answer

Object permanence is the understanding that objects continue to exist even when they cannot be seen, heard, or touched. At seven months, Willie's frustration at not reaching for objects that are covered suggests he has not yet developed object permanence, as he does not understand that the objects still exist when they are out of sight.

Question 14

Three-year-old Gustavo has begun to use two and three word sentences and is very good at explaining what activities he'd like to engage in when his baby-sitter arrives. Gustavo is in this stage of development.

Accepted Answer

Gustavo is in the pre-operations stage, which typically occurs from ages 2 to 7, where children begin to use language and develop memory and imagination.

Question 15

Many preoperational children are highly verbal but have trouble describing the world from any perceptual perspective but their own. This type of thinking is termed

Accepted Answer

This type of thinking is termed egocentric, which is characteristic of the preoperational stage in Piaget's theory of cognitive development. Egocentric thinking means the child has difficulty taking the perspective of others.

Question 16

As a child moves from the pre-operational to the concrete operational stage, they begin to develop the understanding that an object may retain its identity even if its appearance is changed for some reason. This ability is called

Accepted Answer

Conservation is the correct term for the understanding that an object retains its identity even if its appearance changes. This cognitive ability develops in the concrete operational stage of Piaget's theory of cognitive development.

Question 17

The false-belief task depicts a situation where children must understand that their own knowledge of the true facts of a situation may conflict with someone else's false beliefs about the situation. The task is used as a test of this.

Accepted Answer

The false-belief task is used to assess a child's theory of mind, which is the ability to understand that others may hold beliefs that are different from one's own and that these beliefs can be false.

Question 18

Theory of mind, or the ability for children to understand that other people think and have minds, just as they do, develops during this stage.

Accepted Answer

Theory of mind typically develops during the pre-operational stage of cognitive development, which occurs approximately between the ages of 2 and 7 years. This is when children start to understand that others have thoughts, feelings, and perspectives different from their own.

Question 19

Eight-year-old Simian knows that when his teacher pours liquid from one of two identical containers into a taller, slimmer container, the amount of liquid is the same in both containers. Simian is most likely in this developmental stage.

Accepted Answer

Simian is demonstrating an understanding of conservation, which is the understanding that quantity remains the same despite changes in shape or appearance. This understanding typically develops during the concrete operational stage of cognitive development, according to Jean Piaget, which occurs from about 7 to 11 years of age.

Question 20

The concrete operations stage differs from the formal operations stage in that

Accepted Answer

The concrete operations stage, according to Piaget's theory of cognitive development, involves children being able to think logically about concrete events. However, they struggle with abstract and hypothetical concepts. The formal operations stage, which follows, is when children develop the ability to think abstractly, reason logically, and manage problems in a more hypothetical and deductive manner. Therefore, the ability to perform abstract logic is a characteristic of the formal operations stage, not the concrete operations stage.

Quiz 4: Human Lifespan Development