Question 1

IQ tests were initially designed to predict academic performance, and in that strict sense they are biased against specific groups such as women or people of color.

Accepted Answer

IQ tests were indeed initially designed to predict academic performance, but the claim that they are biased against specific groups such as women or people of color in that strict sense is not accurate. Bias in IQ tests can stem from various factors, including cultural, socio-economic, and educational disparities, rather than an inherent bias against these groups in the design of the tests themselves. Moreover, modern IQ tests are continually revised to address and minimize such biases.

Question 2

All of the abilities characterized by Sternberg's triarchic theory of intelligence- including creative and practical intelligence-are correlated with scores on tests of general intelligence.

Accepted Answer

Sternberg's triarchic theory of intelligence, which includes analytical, creative, and practical intelligence, suggests that these varied aspects of intelligence are interrelated. Research has shown that while these types of intelligence can be distinct, they often correlate with scores on traditional tests of general intelligence (g), indicating a relationship between them and general cognitive ability.

Question 3

According to Horn and Cattell, crystalized intelligence is a largely innate ability characterized by analytic and abstract reasoning.

Accepted Answer

Crystallized intelligence is not largely innate; it is developed through experience and education, involving the ability to use knowledge, skills, and experience. It contrasts with fluid intelligence, which is the capacity to think logically and solve problems in novel situations, independent of acquired knowledge.

Question 4

An important type of concept that has "fuzzy boundaries" is a__________________. These concepts are relatively easy for people to learn because they exist as part of the natural world or human social world.

Accepted Answer

The answer of An important type of concept that has...

Question 5

According to Kahneman, ____________________ thought is rapid, intuitive, effortless, and automatic. It is generally not under voluntary control. However, if a task requires concentration, or full attention to perform well, we have to use __________________ thought.

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to Kahneman, ____________________ thought is rapid,...

Question 6

A(n) _________________ is a mental shortcut designed to help us make judgments and decisions when all the facts are not known. In contrast, a(n)________________ is a step-by-step system that can solve any problem of a given type.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A(n) _________________ is a mental shortcut designed...

Question 7

Unfortunately, most people do not take _________________ information into account when they make judgments of the likelihood of some event.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Unfortunately, most people do not take _________________...

Question 8

When faced with baldly disconfirming evidence, a person may engage in mental gymnastics to play down its relevance or credibility, a process known as ___________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of When faced with baldly disconfirming evidence, a...

Question 9

______________________ is the quality of language that allows a person to use the relatively small number of words and grammatical structures of a language to compose a theoretically infinite number of sentences expressing an infinite number of new thoughts and ideas.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ______________________ is the quality of language that...

Question 10

The rules for _______________________ are expressed by linguists in this way: "If a language has X (e.g., some particular way of placing a verb) it will also have Y (some way of utilizing nouns)."

Accepted Answer

The answer of The rules for _______________________ are expressed by...

Question 11

A dialect is not the same as a(n) _________________, a way of pronouncing words. Nor is it the same as _____________, a set of colloquial words and phrases that only select groups may understand and which usually arise and depart every few years.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A dialect is not the same as...

Question 12

According to the ___________________ hypothesis, language is one of many factors affecting the way people construe reality.

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to the ___________________ hypothesis, language is...

Question 13

In Sternberg's triarchic theory, ___________________ intelligence is a person's ability to solve the sorts of problems one would ordinarily find in an academic setting.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In Sternberg's triarchic theory, ___________________ intelligence is...

Question 14

As children grow older their ability to seek out environments, relationships, and experiences more in keeping with aspects of their genetic heredity increases. This is known as a(n) ________________________

Accepted Answer

The answer of As children grow older their ability to...

Question 15

Daniel Kahneman's metaphorical Systems 1 and 2 describe the various degrees of complexity of our thoughts and thought processes. Briefly characterize each system and illustrate how they might be at work while humans solve problems using heuristics.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Daniel Kahneman's metaphorical Systems 1 and 2...

Question 16

Characterize the strengths of the evidence for an innate capacity for human language. In your answer, describe Noam Chomsky's theories, including the internal language faculty. Discuss two examples of research that support Chomsky's views.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Characterize the strengths of the evidence for...

Question 17

Several studies have examined the linguistic abilities of nonhuman primates. Pick two such cases and describe the aspects of human language that primates can learn. Also, describe the limits of such research on nonhuman language learning.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Several studies have examined the linguistic abilities...

Question 18

The notion of a single general intelligence (g) is a central component to theories of psychometric theories of intelligence. Pick two theories and describe the nature of general intelligence according to said theories.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The notion of a single general intelligence...

Quiz 9: Thinking, Language, and Intelligence