Question 1

Which is not a reason that youths of past generations assumed adult responsibilities sooner than youths do today?

Accepted Answer

Youths of past generations did not necessarily assume adult responsibilities sooner because there were more jobs available. Instead, factors like increased longevity, cultural and economic pressures have historically influenced the timing of assuming adult responsibilities. Longer life expectancies and changes in societal norms and economic conditions over time have more significantly impacted when young people take on adult roles.

Question 2

What is the framework of rules and customs that a society collectively applies to the individuals within it to maintain order?

Accepted Answer

Social control refers to the mechanisms, strategies, and institutions that societies use to maintain order and enforce norms and rules. It encompasses both formal mechanisms, such as laws and regulations, and informal ones, like customs and social norms.

Question 3

According to Postman, who developed an idea of childhood that surpassed that of the Greeks?

Accepted Answer

Postman argues that the Romans developed an idea of childhood that surpassed that of the Greeks, as they had a more structured approach to education and family life, which contributed to a distinct concept of childhood.

Question 4

By what time in England did the Church and common law clearly distinguish between adults and children?

Accepted Answer

By the 12th century, the Church and common law in England began to clearly distinguish between adults and children, particularly in terms of legal responsibilities and rights.

Question 5

_____ is a system of inheritance in which the oldest son receives the entire estate.

Accepted Answer

Primogeniture is the right, by law or custom, of the firstborn male child to inherit the family estate, in preference to siblings.

Question 6

_____ can be defined as situations in which men hold power and authority in political, religious, legal, educational, military, and domestic areas.

Accepted Answer

Patriarchy refers to social systems in which power and authority are primarily held by men, often seen in political, religious, legal, educational, military, and domestic spheres.

Question 7

What is the process by which people learn the norms, values, and culture of their society?

Accepted Answer

Socialization is the process through which individuals learn and internalize the norms, values, and culture of their society, enabling them to function as its members.

Question 8

What is one indication of successful socialization?

Accepted Answer

Self-discipline is an indication of successful socialization because it reflects the internalization of societal norms and the ability to control one's impulses and behaviors in a manner that is socially acceptable.

Question 9

The General Court of Massachusetts Bay created a law that provided for the _____ of children who disobeyed their parents.

Accepted Answer

The General Court of Massachusetts Bay, reflecting the harsh Puritanical codes of the time, created laws that allowed for the execution of children who were deemed to have egregiously disobeyed their parents. This extreme measure underscores the strict adherence to religious and moral codes in early colonial America.

Question 10

About when did several social reform movements arise in an attempt to improve social conditions for children?

Accepted Answer

The late 19th century to the early 20th century saw a significant rise in social reform movements aimed at improving conditions for children, including efforts to end child labor and improve education.

Question 11

In the late 19th century, American society tried to help impoverished youth by sending them west on _____.

Accepted Answer

In the late 19th century, American society attempted to assist impoverished and homeless youth by sending them west on what were known as "orphan trains." This movement aimed to provide these children with better living conditions and opportunities by placing them with families in the western United States.

Question 12

What is one purpose that "placing-out" served?

Accepted Answer

Placing-out was primarily intended to provide labor for farms and ranches by relocating children from urban areas to rural homes.

Question 13

What is the most likely reason that the orphan trains stopped?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is the most likely reason that...

Question 14

In the early 20th century, _____ were started by wealthy philanthropists to get children off the streets and help curb social disorder.

Accepted Answer

Houses of refuge were established in the early 20th century by wealthy philanthropists as a means to get children off the streets and help curb social disorder, aiming to provide a structured environment for wayward youth.

Question 15

This case reinforced the doctrine of parens patriae and the increasing power of the juvenile court.

Accepted Answer

Ex parte Crouse (1838) is a landmark case that reinforced the doctrine of parens patriae, which allows the state to intervene in the care of a child when it is deemed necessary for the child's welfare. This case significantly contributed to the increasing power of the juvenile court system by establishing the court's authority to act in the best interests of the child, separate from the wishes of the parents.

Question 16

The _____ were a group of philanthropists, feminists, and social reformers who helped to develop the early juvenile court.

Accepted Answer

The "child-savers" were a group of reformers in the late 19th and early 20th centuries who focused on improving the welfare of poor, neglected, and delinquent children. They played a key role in the establishment of the juvenile court system, advocating for the treatment and rehabilitation of young offenders rather than their punishment in adult courts.

Question 17

The child-savers wanted to save troubled youngsters by ensuring that they adopted _____.

Accepted Answer

The child-savers movement, which gained momentum in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, aimed to reform the way society dealt with troubled youth. A key aspect of their approach was to encourage the adoption of middle-class values, which they believed would help integrate these youngsters into society in a productive and conforming manner. This included promoting hard work, education, and moral behavior as pathways to success and social acceptance.

Question 18

Which was not part of the juvenile court's philosophy in terms of reformatories?

Accepted Answer

The philosophy of juvenile courts and reformatories emphasized rehabilitation over punishment, focusing on separating youths from adult criminals, incarcerating them for their protection, and avoiding formal trials to reduce stigma. Keeping inmates still and quiet does not align with the rehabilitative and active engagement approach of juvenile reformatories.

Question 19

At the beginning of the 19th century, three ideas took root that nurtured later child-saving activities and Progressive-era reforms took root. Which is not one of these?

Accepted Answer

The hierarchy rule is not associated with the early 19th-century ideas that nurtured child-saving activities and Progressive-era reforms. The other options, "best interests of the child" doctrine, "tender years" doctrine, and parens patriae, are all concepts that directly relate to the welfare and legal standing of children, influencing child protection and custody laws. The hierarchy rule, on the other hand, is a method used in crime reporting and does not relate to child welfare or legal principles concerning children.

Question 20

Who were most of the children on orphan trains?

Accepted Answer

Most of the children on orphan trains were white males, as the majority of the children who were part of the orphan train movement were of European descent.

Quiz 2: The Control of Children