Question 1

From an African-centered perspective, in order to work effectively with African American clients, what must the therapist understand?

Accepted Answer

From an African-centered perspective, understanding the importance of spirituality, the struggle for identity, and the collective consciousness are all crucial for working effectively with African American clients. These elements are deeply intertwined with the cultural, social, and historical experiences of African American people.

Question 2

The primary role of the African-centered therapist is that of

Accepted Answer

The primary role of an African-centered therapist is that of a healer, focusing on the holistic well-being of the client, incorporating cultural and spiritual aspects into the healing process.

Question 3

Parham and colleagues suggest that when working with African American clients therapists should think less about what is ____________ and instead think about what might be ___________.

Accepted Answer

Parham and colleagues recommend that therapists focus less on what is considered "normal" and more on what is "functional" when working with African American clients, emphasizing the importance of practical outcomes over conforming to a standard norm.

Question 4

Therapists who work with African American clients are encouraged to

Accepted Answer

Therapists working with African American clients are encouraged to consider the broader social and environmental impacts of racism and discrimination, incorporate culturally relevant practices such as rituals and music, and assist clients in developing a positive racial identity. These approaches are part of culturally competent therapy, which recognizes and addresses the unique experiences of African American clients.

Question 5

The unique issues faced by sexual minorities, such as coming out, heterosexism, and homophobia, illustrate the need for

Accepted Answer

Culture-specific therapies are needed to address the unique issues faced by sexual minorities, such as coming out, heterosexism, and homophobia, because these therapies can be tailored to understand and support the specific cultural and societal contexts affecting these individuals. Generic forms of psychotherapy may not fully address these unique challenges.

Question 6

According to the APA Presidential Task Force on Evidence-Based Practice in Psychology, effective mental health treatment includes all of the following EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

The APA Presidential Task Force on Evidence-Based Practice in Psychology emphasizes the integration of the best available research with clinical expertise in the context of patient characteristics, culture, and preferences. A specific theoretical orientation is not considered a necessary component for effective mental health treatment according to this perspective.

Question 7

Dr. Stein developed a new treatment for depression and wants to prove it is effective. He designed an experiment where individuals diagnosed with depression were randomly assigned to either receive his new treatment, standard Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, or were put on a wait list. What kind of study did Dr. Stein create?

Accepted Answer

Dr. Stein's study is a randomized controlled trial (RCT) because it involves randomly assigning participants to different groups to receive various interventions or controls, which is a hallmark of RCTs designed to test the efficacy of treatments.

Question 8

In order for a treatment to be identified as an Empirically-Supported Treatment (EST) it must:

Accepted Answer

Empirically-Supported Treatments (ESTs) are identified based on rigorous research criteria. This includes being shown to be superior to placebo or another non-treatment control in at least two high-quality randomized controlled trials (RCTs), as well as being equivalent or superior to another established treatment in several RCTs. Therapist endorsement (option C) is not a criterion for EST designation.

Question 9

According to Lambert and Barley (2001), approximately __________ of the variance in therapeutic outcome is due to the quality of the relationship between the client and the therapist.

Accepted Answer

Lambert and Barley (2001) found that approximately 30% of the variance in therapeutic outcome is attributed to the quality of the therapeutic relationship, highlighting its significant impact on therapy effectiveness.

Question 10

What are empirically-supported relationships?

Accepted Answer

Empirically-supported relationships refer to specific relationship variables between the client and therapist that have been shown through research to contribute to the success of therapy. These include factors such as empathy, therapeutic alliance, and therapist-client agreement on goals.

Question 11

When it comes to culture and evidence-based practice in psychology (EBPP):

Accepted Answer

The fields of multicultural psychology and evidence-based practice in psychology (EBPP) have distinct origins and initially held critical views of each other. Multicultural psychology focuses on understanding cultural differences and their impact on psychological processes, while EBPP emphasizes the use of research and empirical evidence to inform psychological practice. Their differing focuses led to initial criticisms and challenges in integrating the two perspectives.

Question 12

Conducting therapy in the client's preferred language, matching the race/ethnicity of the client and therapist, and incorporating cultural values into therapy, are all examples of:

Accepted Answer

These examples illustrate cultural adaptation of therapy, which involves modifying therapy to better align with the cultural context, values, and preferences of the client, thereby potentially improving its effectiveness and relevance.

Question 13

Hwang (2016) took a standard cognitive-behavioral therapy for depression and modified it for use with Chinese American populations. He incorporated concepts such as chengyu and qi into the treatment. Hwang's work is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Hwang's modification of standard cognitive-behavioral therapy to include culturally relevant concepts for Chinese American populations is an example of cultural adaptation of an evidence-supported treatment. This approach tailors treatments to better fit the cultural context of the patient group, potentially improving effectiveness and acceptance.

Question 14

Most traditional approaches to counseling and psychotherapy place primary responsibility for the cause and solution to the problem on

Accepted Answer

Traditional approaches to counseling and psychotherapy often emphasize the role of the individual in both the cause of and the solution to their problems, focusing on personal insight, decision-making, and responsibility.

Question 15

A(n) __________________ approach to counseling and psychotherapy looks at the interaction between persons and their environments.

Accepted Answer

An ecological approach to counseling and psychotherapy emphasizes the importance of understanding the interactions between individuals and their environments, including social, cultural, and physical aspects.

Question 16

In the case of Chanda, the Cambodian refugee, if she is assessed from a(n) _____________ point of view, she will be diagnosed with schizophrenia. If she is assessed from a(n) _________________ point of view, she will be diagnosed with posttraumatic stress disorder.

Accepted Answer

From an individual point of view, focusing on Chanda's personal symptoms and behaviors might lead to a diagnosis of schizophrenia, emphasizing her internal experiences and possibly psychotic symptoms. From an ecological point of view, considering her background, culture, and the impact of external factors like trauma, the diagnosis would lean towards posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), acknowledging the influence of her refugee experience and the traumatic events she may have endured.

Question 17

A ________________ approach to counseling and psychotherapy says one must address issues of mental health at the environmental, not just the individual level.

Accepted Answer

A social justice approach to counseling and psychotherapy emphasizes the importance of considering environmental and systemic factors, not just individual issues, when addressing mental health. This perspective advocates for changes in social conditions and policies to improve mental health outcomes.

Question 18

Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding a social justice approach to counseling and psychotherapy?

Accepted Answer

A social justice approach to counseling and psychotherapy emphasizes changing societal structures that contribute to problems, rather than encouraging individuals to conform to the status quo. It focuses on empowerment and challenging unjust societal norms, rather than just making individuals fit into existing societal structures.

Question 19

What role does the helping professional play in social justice counseling and psychotherapy?

Accepted Answer

In social justice counseling and psychotherapy, the helping professional plays multiple roles, including advocate, educator, and change agent, to address and work towards correcting inequalities and injustices in society.

Question 20

What four main principles guide social justice counseling and psychotherapy?

Accepted Answer

Equity, access, participation, and harmony are the four main principles that guide social justice counseling and psychotherapy, focusing on fairness, inclusivity, engagement, and peace in therapeutic practices.

Quiz 9: Culture and Mental Health