In the ________________, control is realized through contracts with independent firms at different levels of production and distribution.
A) Contractual VMS
B) Corporate VMS
C) Administrative VMS
D) Conventional distribution channel
E) Integrated channel

Question

Quizplus · Accepted Answer

In a Contractual Vertical Marketing System (VMS), control is achieved through formal agreements among independent firms at various stages of production and distribution, allowing them to collaborate more effectively than in a conventional distribution channel without the need for corporate ownership or administrative control.

In the ________________, Control Is Realized Through Contracts with Independent