Question 1

The unique conceptions of crime and criminal justice that emerged in the eighteenth century were collectively known as

Accepted Answer

The Classical School of Criminology, developed in the eighteenth century, introduced a new framework for understanding crime and punishment, emphasizing rationality, free will, and proportionate punishment.

Question 2

In the eighteenth century, people who called for changes to the existing legal system were sometimes called __________.

Accepted Answer

In the eighteenth century, individuals advocating for changes in the legal system were often referred to as reformists, a term that denotes their desire to reform or improve the system.

Question 3

The relativeness of a punishment to a particular crime is known as __________.

Accepted Answer

Proportionality refers to the principle that the severity of the punishment should be directly related to the severity of the crime committed.

Question 4

In his book, The Seductions of Crime, Jack Katz points out that an important factor in delinquent behavior is __________.

Accepted Answer

Jack Katz, in "The Seductions of Crime," emphasizes the role of excitement as a significant factor in delinquent behavior, arguing that the thrill or emotional arousal is a key motivator for such actions.

Question 5

To use punishment of one individual as an example to others is known as __________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of To use punishment of one individual as...

Question 6

The belief that delinquency is not a result of free will, but of other factors beyond the control of an individual is known as __________.

Accepted Answer

Determinism is the belief that all events, including moral choices, are determined completely by previously existing causes. In the context of delinquency, it suggests that an individual's behavior is not a result of free will but is influenced by factors beyond their control.

Question 7

A scientific approach to understanding and identifying the biological connections to criminal behavior is called __________.

Accepted Answer

Positivism is the scientific approach to understanding and identifying the biological connections to criminal behavior, emphasizing the use of empirical evidence and the scientific method.

Question 8

Trait theory focuses on a person's __________.

Accepted Answer

Trait theory focuses on a person's physical makeup, as it emphasizes the identification and measurement of specific personality traits that are believed to be consistent over time and across different situations.

Question 9

Which theorist believed that criminals were biological throwback to an earlier stage of human evolution?

Accepted Answer

Cesare Lombroso is known for his theory that criminals are biological throwbacks to an earlier stage of human evolution, a concept he termed "atavism."

Question 10

In his book, Varieties of Delinquent Youth, William Sheldon put forth his theory of

Accepted Answer

William Sheldon is known for his theory of somatyping, which classifies human bodies into three types: ectomorph, mesomorph, and endomorph, and suggests a correlation between body type and personality traits.

Question 11

In cognitive psychology, the process of acquiring information and redefining it into a personal understanding is called

Accepted Answer

Encoding is the process in cognitive psychology that involves taking in information and converting it into a form that can be stored and recalled later, fitting the description of acquiring information and redefining it into a personal understanding.

Question 12

The work of Sigmund Freud, focusing on repressed emotions and obstacles created in childhood, is known as __________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The work of Sigmund Freud, focusing on...

Question 13

The study of the development of moral codes that people use is part of __________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The study of the development of moral...

Question 14

Freud referred to the part of the personality that continually seeks pleasure as the __________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Freud referred to the part of the...

Question 15

_________ is a symptom of Oppositional Defiant Disorder.

Accepted Answer

The answer of _________ is a symptom of Oppositional Defiant...

Question 16

Manic symptoms of bipolar can include __________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Manic symptoms of bipolar can include __________....

Question 17

Modern scholars, who believe there is an interaction between biological and environmental factors in delinquent behavior, are known as __________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Modern scholars, who believe there is an...

Question 18

James Q. Wilson and Richard Herrnstein wrote the book __________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of James Q. Wilson and Richard Herrnstein wrote...

Question 19

Wilson and Hernstein suggest a _______relationship between intelligence and adult crime?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Wilson and Hernstein suggest a _______relationship between...

Question 20

Who was one of the founders of behavioral theory?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Who was one of the founders of...

Quiz 6: Individual Views of Delinquency