Question 1

The androcentric bias refers to the dominance of criminological discourse by writers of European descent and the ignoring of works by those of African descent.

Accepted Answer

Androcentric bias refers to a perspective in which male experiences and norms are considered the default, often leading to the marginalization or neglect of women's experiences and perspectives, rather than specifically addressing the racial or ethnic background of writers in criminological discourse.

Question 2

The liberation thesis claims that as women assumed more assertive positions in society, they would participate in more previously "masculine" activities including crime; however, little support has been found.

Accepted Answer

The liberation thesis posits that as women gain equality in various societal aspects, including the workforce, they would engage in behaviors traditionally associated with men, including criminal activities. However, empirical research has not consistently supported this hypothesis, indicating that the relationship between women's liberation and increased participation in crime is not as straightforward as the thesis suggests.

Question 3

Feminists criticize traditional criminology for its androcentric bias.

Accepted Answer

Feminists argue that traditional criminology has an androcentric bias because it often focuses on male perspectives and experiences, neglecting or misrepresenting women's experiences and perspectives in crime and criminal justice.

Question 4

Patriarchy refers to an economic-based hierarchy of power present in most capitalist societies.

Accepted Answer

Patriarchy refers to a social system in which men hold primary power and predominate in roles of political leadership, moral authority, social privilege, and control of property. It is not specifically an economic-based hierarchy, although economic structures can reflect patriarchal values.

Question 5

Meda Chesney-Lind gave voice to the study of female criminality, enhancing the status of such research.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Meda Chesney-Lind gave voice to the study...

Question 6

Feminist criminology comes in a variety of forms but shares in common the general theme that "malestream" approaches to criminology express a Eurocentric bias.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Feminist criminology comes in a variety of...

Question 7

Radical feminists argue that liberal feminists understated the role of patriarchy (male dominance) and its ability to continue to control and victimize women.

Accepted Answer

Radical feminists believe that liberal feminists do not fully address the depth and systemic nature of patriarchy, arguing that it is a fundamental and pervasive system of male dominance that continues to oppress women in various aspects of society.

Question 8

Liberal feminism is the dominant approach today in feminist criminology.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Liberal feminism is the dominant approach today...

Question 9

New critical criminology views the causes of crime owing to class, ethnic, and patriarchal relations endemic in society.

Accepted Answer

New critical criminology argues that crime is a result of inequalities and power imbalances within society, including those based on class, ethnicity, and gender, suggesting that these structural issues are fundamental causes of criminal behavior.

Question 10

Left realists accept the reality of street crime and do not view it as a sort of revolutionary activity of the oppressed.

Accepted Answer

Left realists argue that street crime is a real problem that disproportionately affects working-class communities, and they reject the notion that such crime can be seen as a form of political resistance or revolutionary activity by the oppressed.

Question 11

Programs such as restorative justice fit with the peacemaking theme.

Accepted Answer

Restorative justice programs align with the peacemaking theme as they focus on healing and reconciliation among victims, offenders, and the community, rather than solely on punishment.

Question 12

Radical "Marxist" criminology views crime as a result of socialism, with criminal law representing the interests of the ruling class.

Accepted Answer

Radical "Marxist" criminology views crime as a result of capitalism, arguing that criminal law represents the interests of the ruling class by maintaining the status quo and protecting property rights.

Question 13

Marxist criminologists often reject the positivistic tradition of analyzing crime causation through objective and empirical analysis.

Accepted Answer

Marxist criminologists typically critique the positivistic approach to crime, arguing that it ignores the broader social and economic factors, such as inequality and power relations, that influence criminal behavior. They focus on the structural aspects of society and how they contribute to crime, rather than just individual factors.

Question 14

Lee, Zang, and Hoover combined routine activities theory with social disorganization theory in profiling weapons used in domestic violence incidents.

Accepted Answer

Lee, Zang, and Hoover integrated routine activities theory and social disorganization theory to analyze and profile the types of weapons used in domestic violence incidents, as part of their research on crime patterns and prevention.

Question 15

Criminal typologies represent one of the oldest theoretical and practical approaches to crime.

Accepted Answer

Criminal typologies, which categorize types of crimes and criminals based on various factors such as motive, behavior, and characteristics, have been used for centuries and represent one of the earliest methods to understand and address criminal behavior systematically.

Question 16

Theoretical range refers to the units of analysis and level of explanation that may be sought in a particular theory.

Accepted Answer

Theoretical range refers to the scope or extent of phenomena that a theory can explain or predict, not the units of analysis or level of explanation.

Question 17

The global fallacy refers to the tendency to attempt to generalize relatively specific explanations to all types of crime.

Accepted Answer

The global fallacy involves the error of trying to apply specific explanations, which might only be relevant to certain types of crime or circumstances, to all forms of crime universally, ignoring the complex and varied nature of criminal behavior.

Question 18

Identify the four characteristics of critical criminology.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Identify the four characteristics of critical criminology....

Question 19

Identify Schrag's basic assumptions of labeling theory.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Identify Schrag's basic assumptions of labeling theory....

Question 20

Identify two criticisms of labeling theory.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Identify two criticisms of labeling theory....

Quiz 8: Sociological Critical Theories and Integrated Theories