Question 1

Atherosclerosis is a multifactorial disease that can develop from:

Accepted Answer

Atherosclerosis can develop from chronic inflammation and infection, high blood homocysteine, formation of fibrous plaques inside the artery wall, and central adiposity. These factors contribute to the development and progression of this disease.

Question 2

Which of the following would NOT be considered a nutritional risk that should be minimized in order to prevent cancer?

Accepted Answer

Eating high-fat nuts and nut butters daily is not considered a nutritional risk for cancer; in fact, nuts can be part of a healthy diet and may have protective effects against certain cancers.

Question 3

Risk factors for cardiovascular diseases include all of the following EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

Low levels of LDL are not considered a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. In fact, low levels of LDL are beneficial as they reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases. High levels of LDL, on the other hand, are a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. High triglycerides, high blood pressure, low HDL levels, and cigarette smoking are all established risk factors for cardiovascular diseases.

Question 4

Diseases that develop during the adult years partially result from:

Accepted Answer

Diets high in saturated fats can lead to the development of various diseases during the adult years, such as heart disease, stroke, and type 2 diabetes. While diets high in fruits and vegetables, low in salt and sugar, and high in fiber may have health benefits, they do not necessarily prevent all diseases that develop during adulthood.

Question 5

Metabolic syndrome is present in nearly _____ of people with normal body weight.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Metabolic syndrome is present in nearly _____...

Question 6

Obesity can be defined as:

Accepted Answer

Obesity is defined as an excess accumulation of adipose tissue, which refers to excessive body fat that can lead to negative health consequences such as diabetes, heart disease, and high blood pressure. A person's BMI and waist circumference are often used as measures to determine if they are obese. However, a weight greater than 190 pounds or a fat, unfit appearance are not accurate indicators of obesity.

Question 7

The American Heart Association (AHA)has released specific recommendations for health care professionals,schools,restaurants,and the food industry.Which of the following would NOT be one of these recommendations?

Accepted Answer

The recommendation from the AHA is to reduce the intake of refined grains, not increase their availability.

Question 8

A diet high in fiber is recommended to help prevent heart disease,with _____ grams/day coming from viscous fiber.

Accepted Answer

Viscous fiber, found in foods like oats and beans, is recommended at 5-10 grams per day to help lower cholesterol and reduce the risk of heart disease.

Question 9

Which of the following correctly describes Therapeutic Lifestyle Changes dietary recommendations?

Accepted Answer

Therapeutic Lifestyle Changes dietary recommendations suggest that 25-35% of energy should come from fat, less than 7% of total fat should come from saturated fatty acids, and that individuals should consume less than 200 mg of cholesterol per day. Option D is the only choice that meets all three criteria.

Question 10

The majority of cancers develop in:

Accepted Answer

The majority of cancers, approximately 90%, develop in epithelial tissue. This is because epithelial tissue lines the majority of organs and is exposed to various environmental factors that can lead to cancer development. Examples of epithelial tissue include the lining of the lungs, intestines, and skin.

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT one of the 3 nutrition-related diseases that are the highest contributors to premature death?

Accepted Answer

HIV/AIDS is not a nutrition-related disease and therefore not one of the three highest contributors to premature death. The three highest contributors are cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and diabetes mellitus.

Question 12

Cancer prevention depends on minimizing nutritional risks.Which of the following would NOT be considered a risk-minimizing behavior?

Accepted Answer

Consuming more than 3 oz. of alcohol on a regular basis is not considered a risk-minimizing behavior as it is associated with an increased risk of cancer. The other choices, such as maintaining a healthy weight, limiting intake of processed and red meat, eating fruits and vegetables daily, and limiting sedentary behavior, are all considered risk-minimizing behaviors for cancer prevention.

Question 13

The leading cause of death for men and women in the U.S.is:

Accepted Answer

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), coronary heart disease is the leading cause of death for both men and women in the United States. In 2019, it was responsible for approximately 365,000 deaths. Lung cancer, stroke, and diabetes mellitus are also top causes of death in the U.S., but they are not as prevalent as coronary heart disease. Kidney failure, while potentially deadly, is typically not a primary cause of death.

Question 14

Overweight in adults is defined by a BMI of:

Accepted Answer

Overweight in adults is defined by a Body Mass Index (BMI) of 25.0 to 29.9.

Question 15

The areas of the body affected by cardiovascular diseases include the:

Accepted Answer

Cardiovascular diseases can affect multiple areas of the body including the heart, brain, and blood vessels. Therefore, option D, "All of the above," is the best choice.

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for coronary heart disease?

Accepted Answer

Excess hip or thigh fat is not a risk factor for coronary heart disease. In fact, some studies suggest that carrying weight in the lower body (i.e. pear-shaped body) may even have protective effects against heart disease. The other choices (A, B, D, and E) are all established risk factors for coronary heart disease.

Question 17

A high-intensity dietary approach for reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease called Therapeutic Lifestyle Changes includes all the following recommendations EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

The Therapeutic Lifestyle Changes approach includes recommendations for reducing intake of saturated and trans fats, increasing intake of monounsaturated fats, and aiming for 50-60% of total calories from carbohydrates. However, it does not recommend avoiding all dairy foods and eggs. In fact, low-fat dairy products are encouraged as part of a heart-healthy diet.

Question 18

Which of the following statements is NOT a nutrition or physical activity recommendation for cancer prevention?

Accepted Answer

Choosing refined grains over whole grains is not a nutrition or physical activity recommendation for cancer prevention. In fact, it is recommended to choose whole grains instead of refined grains as they are higher in fiber and other nutrients that have been shown to reduce the risk of certain cancers. A, B, and D are all valid recommendations for cancer prevention.

Question 19

Viscous fiber is found in which of the following foods?

Accepted Answer

Viscous fiber is found in all of the listed foods, including okra, oatmeal, apples, and mangoes. Therefore, the best choice is E, which includes all of these options.

Question 20

Atherosclerosis can be defined as: _____.

Accepted Answer

Atherosclerosis is the buildup of plaque causing hardening and narrowing of the arteries leading from the heart (option A) as well as thickening and narrowing of the arteries from the heart to the brain (option C), so the correct answer is both a and c (option E). The other options are incorrect because they describe either veins or blood vessels in different parts of the body.

Quiz 17: Adult Nutrition: Conditions and Interventions