Question 1

Once a behavior becomes medicalized, it is no longer frowned upon.

Accepted Answer

Medicalization of a behavior does not necessarily change societal attitudes or remove stigma; it merely shifts the behavior from being viewed as a moral or social issue to a medical one. Societal perceptions and judgments can still persist.

Question 2

Some states in the United States ban felons from voting, even after their release from prison.

Accepted Answer

Many states in the United States have laws that restrict the voting rights of felons, including after their release from prison, with the specifics of these restrictions varying by state.

Question 3

Total institutions are places in which most daily activities are conducted as a group, tightly scheduled, prearranged, and monitored in order to maintain social control.

Accepted Answer

Total institutions, as defined by sociologist Erving Goffman, are places where individuals are cut off from the wider society for a considerable time and lead an enclosed, formally administered life. Examples include prisons, military boot camps, and psychiatric hospitals, where daily activities are indeed conducted in groups, under a tight schedule and constant supervision to ensure conformity and control.

Question 4

In "secondary prisonization," women are subjected to marginalization and their own pains of imprisonment because of their extended contact with the correctional facility when visiting their incarcerated friends and relatives.

Accepted Answer

Secondary prisonization refers to the process by which individuals, such as women visiting incarcerated loved ones, experience their own forms of marginalization and suffer from the pains of imprisonment indirectly through their association and extended contact with the correctional facility.

Question 5

Latin American prisons are generally considered to set a golden standard in terms of creating and maintaining humane prisons that work to rehabilitate offenders.

Accepted Answer

Latin American prisons often face issues such as overcrowding, violence, and inadequate facilities, which hinder their ability to rehabilitate offenders effectively.

Question 6

Informal social controls can include hospitalization in a mental ward.

Accepted Answer

Hospitalization in a mental ward is a formal social control, as it involves official institutions and legal procedures. Informal social controls are more about societal norms and peer pressure.

Question 7

Prisons in Latin America tend to be characterized by mass overcrowding, filthy conditions, and the presence of powerful prison gangs.

Accepted Answer

Many prisons in Latin America are indeed known for their severe overcrowding, poor hygiene and sanitation conditions, and the dominance of powerful gangs that often control the internal dynamics of these facilities.

Question 8

One prison innovation is the pay-to-stay model, allowing nonviolent offenders without gang affiliation the opportunity to rent a cell in a smaller, quieter facility.

Accepted Answer

The pay-to-stay model is an innovation in some prison systems where nonviolent offenders, often without gang affiliations, can pay to serve their sentences in smaller, quieter, and often more comfortable facilities than standard prisons. This model aims to provide a safer and more dignified environment for those who can afford it.

Question 9

Pager (2003; 2007) published research that suggests a white applicant with a criminal record is more likely to receive a call-back for a job opportunity than a black applicant without any criminal background.

Accepted Answer

Pager's research demonstrated that white applicants with a criminal record were indeed more likely to receive a call-back for a job opportunity than black applicants without a criminal record, highlighting racial discrimination in the employment process.

Question 10

Involuntary civil commitment of sexual predators, whereby sex offenders can be held indefinitely, even after completing their criminal justice sentences, is legally allowed in all fifty U.S. states.

Accepted Answer

While many states have laws allowing for the civil commitment of sexually violent predators, it is not a legal option in all fifty U.S. states. The specifics of these laws and the criteria for commitment vary from state to state.

Question 11

Select a behavior that was defined as deviant in the past and is now defined as sickness. Discuss the change over time in what we call those who engage in this behavior, who responds to this behavior, how we respond to this behavior, and how we view the personal responsibility of those who engage in this behavior.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Select a behavior that was defined as...

Question 12

Summarize the purpose of criminal sanctions as identified by Hagan.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Summarize the purpose of criminal sanctions as...

Question 13

Describe Sykes' five central pains of imprisonment from his study Society of Captives.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe Sykes' five central pains of imprisonment...

Question 14

Compare and contrast debtor's prisons and "pay-to-stay" prisons.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Compare and contrast debtor's prisons and "pay-to-stay"...

Question 15

Compare and contrast the prison system in the United States with the prison system in Norway. Could the United States create prisons based on the Norway prison system? Explain.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Compare and contrast the prison system in...

Quiz 11: Societal Responses to Deviance