Question 1

A person with complete androgen insensitivity syndrome (CAIS) has what characteristics?

Accepted Answer

Individuals with complete androgen insensitivity syndrome (CAIS) have a male genotype (XY chromosomes) but develop a female phenotype because their bodies cannot respond to androgens, which are male sex hormones. This results in external female genitalia and secondary sexual characteristics, despite having male (XY) chromosomes.

Question 2

Jamie is eight years old and has testes that are undescended and genitals that resemble that of a female. Which disorder of sexual development does Jamie most likely have?

Accepted Answer

5-alpha-reductase deficiency is a condition that affects male sexual development before birth and during puberty. Boys with this condition are genetically male, with one X and one Y chromosome in each cell, and they have testes. However, they lack enough of a hormone called dihydrotestosterone (DHT), which is critical for male genital development. As a result, they may be born with ambiguous genitalia or genitalia that appear more female than male. This condition does not affect the development of male internal reproductive organs (testes). The testes may not descend normally, and at puberty, affected individuals develop more typically male secondary sexual characteristics.

Question 3

Which disorder of sexual development results in the most people changing gender identity at puberty?

Accepted Answer

5-alpha-reductase deficiency often leads to significant changes in gender identity around puberty. This condition affects male sexual development, leading to individuals being raised as girls but developing male secondary sexual characteristics at puberty. This can result in a change in gender identity for many affected individuals.

Question 4

Which of the following is the correct order of development of gender in childhood?

Accepted Answer

The correct order starts with detecting gender (noticing gender differences), followed by having gender (self-identification with a gender), then achieving gender constancy (understanding that gender is stable over time and situations), and finally doing gender (performing actions that reflect one's gender identity).

Question 5

Paul describes a man with long hair as a woman. What is Paul's approximate age?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Paul describes a man with long hair...

Question 6

Penny plays with dolls and insists on wearing dresses. What is Penny's approximate age?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Penny plays with dolls and insists on...

Question 7

Elise can accurately point to a picture of a "lady" and a "man" but cannot answer the question of whether she is a boy or a girl. What is Elise's approximate age?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Elise can accurately point to a picture...

Question 8

Baby Ann was born in Canada in 1918. What colour would her mother likely have chosen for her first sweater, assuming her mother wanted to "show off" having a daughter?

Accepted Answer

Historically, blue was associated with girls and pink with boys until the early 20th century when the color associations reversed. Since Baby Ann was born in 1918, it's likely her mother would have chosen blue to "show off" having a daughter, following the conventions of the time.

Question 9

In a famous study by John and Sandra Condry, in which participants described the reaction of babies to a jack-in-the-box, what did researchers find?

Accepted Answer

The study by John and Sandra Condry found that participants' perceptions of the baby's emotional reaction were influenced by their beliefs about the baby's gender, demonstrating how gender stereotypes can influence the interpretation of behaviors.

Question 10

A person who is transgender differs from a person who is transsexual in what way?

Accepted Answer

The main difference between someone who is transgender and someone who is transsexual often revolves around whether the individual has undergone sex reassignment surgery. Transgender individuals may not necessarily undergo surgery to change their physical appearance to match their gender identity, whereas transsexual individuals typically have undergone or desire to undergo such surgery.

Question 11

Sam is a transman. What was Sam's sex at birth?

Accepted Answer

A transman is someone who was assigned female at birth but identifies and lives as a man.

Question 12

Around the age of puberty, Pat began to be interested in dressing as the other sex, and as an adult, Pat finds appearing to be the opposite sex sexually arousing. Pat is attracted to members of the opposite sex. Pat is likely which of the following?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Around the age of puberty, Pat began...

Question 13

In the past, what have some transwomen had to hide about themselves in order to be considered for sex reassignment surgery?

Accepted Answer

The answer of In the past, what have some transwomen...

Question 14

What is the third stage of the process of sex reassignment?

Accepted Answer

Hormone replacement therapy is typically the third stage in the process of sex reassignment, following initial assessments and living as the desired gender.

Question 15

Which of the following people may face the most discrimination from within the LGBTQ+ community?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following people may face...

Question 16

In which population did the term "two-spirit" originate?

Accepted Answer

The term "two-spirit" originated among Aboriginal people living in North and South America. It is used by some Indigenous North Americans to describe a person who embodies both masculine and feminine spirits.

Question 17

What is the X-linked recessive disorder in which individuals born with XY chromosomes develop typically female physical characteristics, often including external female genitalia and female breasts?

Accepted Answer

Androgen insensitivity syndrome (AIS) is an X-linked recessive disorder where individuals with XY chromosomes are unable to respond to androgens, leading to the development of typically female physical characteristics despite having a male genetic makeup.

Question 18

What disorder of sexual development is described in the following passage?
"Subject 8 is the youngest of 8 children of a poor farm family and was thought to be a normal female at the time of birth. His mother died when he was age 4 years, and he was raised by an older sister. He says that he felt different from other girls and began to exhibit male behaviour by age 6. By age 11, virilization of the external genitalia was apparent, male secondary sex characteristics began to appear, and he began to have erections; despite the inward feeling that he was a man, he kept a female social sex and worked as a maid. At age 28 he commenced a long-term sexual relationship with a woman, and he sought medical help at age 30. Psychological evaluation revealed that he had a strong male libido and masturbated an average of 3 times a day. After surgery to correct the hypospadias, he married, adopted a child, and describes a satisfactory sexual life." (Mendonca et al., 1996, p. 66)

Accepted Answer

The described condition is 5-alpha-reductase deficiency, a disorder where the body cannot properly convert testosterone to dihydrotestosterone (DHT), leading to virilization at puberty despite a female appearance at birth.

Question 19

What term is used to describe the following two forms of learning? Observational learning, where children watch and emulate the behaviours and choices of other children and adults and operational learning or shaping, whereby gender conforming behaviours are reinforced and gender non-conforming behaviours are punished.

Accepted Answer

Gender socialization refers to the process by which individuals learn the gender norms of their society and come to develop an identity as a boy, girl, or other gender, often through mechanisms like observational learning and reinforcement or punishment of certain behaviors.

Question 20

What is the term used in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) to diagnose distress from the discrepancy between one's felt gender identity and one's biological sex, and/or the gender one was assigned at birth?

Accepted Answer

Gender dysphoria is the term used in the DSM-5 to diagnose the distress or discomfort that may occur when there is a discrepancy between a person's gender identity and their biological sex, or the gender they were assigned at birth.

Quiz 10: Gender