Question 1

Which of the following can be caused by oxytocin?

Accepted Answer

Oxytocin is known to play a role in social bonding and can cause sexual arousal during breastfeeding due to its effects on the brain and body.

Question 2

What is the most common reason for miscarriage?

Accepted Answer

The most common reason for miscarriage is a genetic or chromosomal abnormality in the fetus, which can prevent the fetus from developing normally.

Question 3

Which of the following is responsible for 6 per cent of all pregnancy-related maternal deaths?

Accepted Answer

Ectopic pregnancies are responsible for 6 per cent of all pregnancy-related maternal deaths. This occurs when a fertilized egg implants outside the uterine cavity, often in a fallopian tube, leading to a potentially life-threatening situation if not treated promptly.

Question 4

What hormone is released in a postpartum woman's body to stimulate the production of milk?

Accepted Answer

Prolactin is the hormone responsible for stimulating milk production in postpartum women.

Question 5

Reduced sexual interest in lactating mothers may be related to changes in which of the following hormone(s)?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Reduced sexual interest in lactating mothers may...

Question 6

Laurie and Hannah had their babies on the same day 12 weeks ago and have both decided to wait at least three years before having another child. Laurie is breastfeeding and Hannah is bottle feeding. Which is most likely to be true?

Accepted Answer

Breastfeeding releases hormones such as prolactin that can suppress ovulation, making it less likely for Laurie to become pregnant soon compared to Hannah, who is bottle-feeding and does not have this hormonal effect.

Question 7

Bethany had a miscarriage. What is the likelihood that she will experience depression or anxiety as a result?

Accepted Answer

Miscarriage can significantly impact mental health, leading to depression or anxiety in up to 50 per cent of women who experience it.

Question 8

Sandra had an alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) test done in the second trimester of her pregnancy, which revealed that her AFP levels were elevated. Which of the following can cause the appearance of elevated AFP levels?

Accepted Answer

Elevated AFP levels in the second trimester can be associated with neural tube defects such as spina bifida or anencephaly.

Question 9

Which of the following procedures puts the pregnancy at greatest risk?

Accepted Answer

Chorionic villi sampling is an invasive procedure that carries a higher risk of miscarriage compared to other prenatal tests like ultrasound or amniocentesis.

Question 10

Dr. Klein is most likely to recommend an amniocentesis to which of the following patients?

Accepted Answer

Lisa is 35 years old and has a son with Down's syndrome, which increases her risk of having another child with the condition. Amniocentesis can be used to diagnose Down's syndrome before birth.

Question 11

What is one cause of a change in rates of low birth-weight babies in the past 20 years?

Accepted Answer

An increase in the use of assisted reproductive technology has led to more multiple births, which are associated with a higher risk of low birth weight babies. Multiple births are more common with assisted reproductive technologies and often result in premature and low birth weight babies due to the increased physiological demands on the mother and the competition for nutrients by the fetuses.

Question 12

Which of the following babies would be considered to be at greatest risk of health and developmental challenges?

Accepted Answer

A baby born at 31 weeks who weighs the normal weight for a baby born at 29 weeks (Choice C) is considered at greatest risk because this baby is both premature and also exhibits intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), indicating the baby is smaller than expected for its gestational age. This combination can lead to more significant health and developmental challenges compared to prematurity or low birth weight alone.

Question 13

Which of the following most accurately reflects the trend in infertility cases?

Accepted Answer

Infertility issues are generally distributed fairly evenly between men and women, with each contributing to about 40% of cases, while the remaining cases may involve factors from both or unexplained reasons.

Question 14

When is a male considered to have low sperm count?

Accepted Answer

When a male is producing less than 10 million sperm per millilitre, it is considered to be a low sperm count.

Question 15

What did a survey of psychological impacts of infertility on couples find?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What did a survey of psychological impacts...

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT prohibited under Canada's Assisted Human Reproduction Act?

Accepted Answer

Research using embryos is not prohibited under Canada's Assisted Human Reproduction Act, provided it follows specific ethical guidelines and regulations. The Act specifically prohibits practices like buying and selling human embryos, pre-selecting the sex of embryos for non-medical reasons, and human cloning, but allows for research under regulated conditions.

Question 17

Why is a clone not 100 per cent identical to its parent?

Accepted Answer

The clone receives some genetic material from the mitochondria of the original egg, which can introduce slight differences.

Question 18

Diego and Sofia are experiencing fertility issues. Which method of assisted reproductive technology is most likely to result in a successful pregnancy?

Accepted Answer

Using fresh embryos from donor eggs often results in the highest success rates for assisted reproductive technology, as fresh embryos tend to have higher viability than thawed ones, and donor eggs can sometimes offer a higher quality option if there are issues with the intended mother's eggs.

Question 19

Emilie and Philippe are at the fertility clinic and have chosen the method known as AID. Why might they have chosen this particular method?

Accepted Answer

AID (Artificial Insemination by Donor) is often chosen when the male partner has a condition like cystic fibrosis that affects sperm production or quality, making natural conception difficult.

Question 20

Sarah and Matthew have opted for artificial insemination in an attempt to conceive a child. They have chosen a method where the sperm will fertilize the egg naturally in Sarah's body. Which method did they choose?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Sarah and Matthew have opted for artificial...

Quiz 6: Pregnancy and Childbirth