Question 1

Imagine yourself as a psychological egoist in a world in which all others are likewise acting only in their own self-interest. Start in the morning and proceed throughout the day What changes do you notice in comparison to your present life?

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Question 2

What do you think of Rachels' claim that "not wanting to do harm to others" simply is the moral reason for not doing harm to others?
Nicomachean Ethics
Aristotle

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Question 3

What are the characteristics of a virtuous action? Do you agree that all of these elements are necessary? Explain.

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Question 4

Why does Aristotle claim that one cannot attain virtue by the study of philosophy alone?

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Question 5

What is the importance of the mean for Aristotle's characterization of virtue? What does he mean by a mean relative to us, as opposed to a mean in the object?

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Question 6

Aristotle claims that the chief good of human life is pleasure.

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Aristotle argues that the chief good of human life is eudaimonia, often translated as happiness or flourishing, rather than pleasure.

Question 7

Intellectual virtue can be taught.

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Intellectual virtue, according to Aristotle, can be developed through teaching and practice, as it involves the cultivation of good habits of thinking and reasoning.

Question 8

Virtuous actions aim at the most excessive quality possible.

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Virtuous actions aim at a mean or moderate quality, avoiding both excess and deficiency, according to Aristotle's concept of the Golden Mean.

Question 9

The unique human function is rational activity of the soul.

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According to Aristotle, the unique human function is the rational activity of the soul, distinguishing humans from other beings by their capability for reasoning and intellectual contemplation.

Question 10

The unique human function determines the good for human beings.

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According to Aristotle's Nicomachean Ethics, the unique human function is rational activity, and living a life in accordance with reason determines the good for human beings.

Question 11

Virtue makes the person good but not his actions.

Accepted Answer

Virtue not only makes the person good but also guides them to perform good actions, as virtues are qualities that promote individual and collective well-being.

Question 12

According to Aristotle, the chief good of human life is
A) Pleasure.
B) Happiness.
C) Wisdom.
D) Wealth.

Accepted Answer

Aristotle argued that the chief good of human life is eudaimonia, which is often translated as "happiness" or "flourishing." He believed that achieving happiness is the ultimate goal of human existence.

Question 13

Aristotle claims that the function of human beings is
A) Artistic creation.
B) To please the gods.
C) Rational activity.
D) The acquisition of knowledge.

Accepted Answer

Aristotle argues that the function of human beings is rational activity, distinguishing humans from other forms of life through their unique capability for reasoning.

Question 14

Virtuous action
A) Has a certain character.
B) Is chosen for its own sake.
C) Is done from a stable character.
D) All of the above.

Accepted Answer

Virtuous action is characterized by having a certain character, being chosen for its own sake, and being done from a stable character, encompassing all the aspects mentioned.

Question 15

The virtuous person does the right thing
A) And everyone else would do the same thing in the same way.
B) And everyone is like him or her.
C) In the right way, at the right time, and in the right place.
D) By learning what the right thing is in a classroom.

Accepted Answer

The virtuous person is characterized by doing the right thing in the right way, at the right time, and in the right place, reflecting a deep understanding of ethical behavior that is context-sensitive and not merely learned academically or assumed to be universally mimicked by others.

Question 16

Moral virtue is acquired
A) By habit.
B) By teaching.
C) By birth.
D) Both b and c

Accepted Answer

Moral virtue is primarily acquired through habit, as it involves the practice and repetition of virtuous actions to develop a virtuous character.

Question 17

Excellent actions and states of character are
A) Destroyed by excess and defect.
B) Taught by philosophers.
C) Preserved by the mean.
D) Both a and c

Accepted Answer

Aristotle's concept of virtue ethics emphasizes that virtues are preserved by finding a balance (the mean) between excess and defect, and that this balance is crucial for maintaining excellent actions and states of character.

Question 18

Aristotle claims that virtue cannot be taught in a classroom. Do you agree? Explain.

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Question 19

What is the function of a human being, according to Aristotle, and what role does this play in his account of good action?

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Question 20

Aristotle claims that we are prone to excess or defect in different actions and that we can achieve the mean by overcompensating for our natural tendencies. Do you agree? Explain.
Groundwork for the Metaphysics of Morals: The Categorical Imperative
Immanuel Kant

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Quiz 8: Moral Theory

Imagine yourself as a psychological egoist in a world in which all others are likewise acting only in their own self-interest. Start in the morning and proceed throughout the day What changes do you notice in comparison to your present life?

What do you think of Rachels' claim that "not wanting to do harm to others" simply is the moral reason for not doing harm to others? Nicomachean Ethics Aristotle

What are the characteristics of a virtuous action? Do you agree that all of these elements are necessary? Explain.

Why does Aristotle claim that one cannot attain virtue by the study of philosophy alone?

What is the importance of the mean for Aristotle's characterization of virtue? What does he mean by a mean relative to us, as opposed to a mean in the object?

Aristotle claims that the chief good of human life is pleasure.

Intellectual virtue can be taught.

Virtuous actions aim at the most excessive quality possible.

The unique human function is rational activity of the soul.

The unique human function determines the good for human beings.

Virtue makes the person good but not his actions.

According to Aristotle, the chief good of human life is

Aristotle claims that the function of human beings is

Virtuous action

The virtuous person does the right thing

Moral virtue is acquired

Excellent actions and states of character are

Aristotle claims that virtue cannot be taught in a classroom. Do you agree? Explain.

What is the function of a human being, according to Aristotle, and what role does this play in his account of good action?

Aristotle claims that we are prone to excess or defect in different actions and that we can achieve the mean by overcompensating for our natural tendencies. Do you agree? Explain. Groundwork for the Metaphysics of Morals: The Categorical Imperative Immanuel Kant