Question 1

According to work by Pennebaker and colleagues,if you were at a bar,the perceived attractiveness of another individual would ____ as the night progressed.

Accepted Answer

Pennebaker and colleagues found that perceived attractiveness of another individual would go up as the night progressed. This phenomenon is known as the "beer goggles" effect, where alcohol consumption can alter perception and make individuals perceive others as more attractive than they actually are.

Question 2

In research conducted by Hammermesh and Parker (2005),students rated professors as more skilled at teaching when they were __________.

Accepted Answer

A

Question 3

Based on information presented in your textbook on the relationship between similarity and attraction,which of the following sayings is most supported by research?

Accepted Answer

The saying "familiarity breeds liking" is most supported by research on the relationship between similarity and attraction. Research has consistently shown that people are more likely to develop attraction and liking towards those who are similar to them or who they have frequent exposure to (i.e. familiarity).

Question 4

Based on research presented in your textbook,who would likely receive the highest ratings of attractiveness?

Accepted Answer

According to research presented in the textbook, people with highly symmetrical features tend to be rated as more attractive.

Question 5

Researchers studying the way the brain responds to social pain found that:

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that the same areas of the brain activated by physical pain are also activated by social pain, indicating a shared neural basis for these experiences.

Question 6

The 'what is beautiful is good' stereotype would lead us to assume that because an individual is attractive he is also:

Accepted Answer

According to the 'what is beautiful is good' stereotype, attractive individuals are assumed to have positive characteristics such as being successful, having good social skills, and being well-liked. However, there is no inherent assumption that they are competitive, ruthless, or power-hungry. Therefore, the best choice is B, which aligns with the positive characteristics associated with attractiveness.

Question 7

Which of the following factors is likely to lead to an increase in attraction and liking?

Accepted Answer

Proximity, or physical proximity, is a factor that can lead to an increase in attraction and liking. This is because the more we interact with someone, the more opportunities we have to get to know them, find commonalities, and develop positive feelings towards them.

Question 8

On the first day of meeting his new basketball coach,Billy is yelled at unnecessarily for making a mistake.As Billy continues to see and interact with his coach,you would expect which of the following to occur?

Accepted Answer

The answer of On the first day of meeting his...

Question 9

Children of different cultural backgrounds tend to find the same types of features,regardless of race,gender,and age.This suggests that:

Accepted Answer

The fact that children of different cultural backgrounds tend to find the same types of features attractive suggests that preferences for attraction may be 'hardwired', meaning that they are innate and not socially constructed. This implies that there may be universal standards of beauty that transcend cultural differences.

Question 10

The desire to establish and maintain rewarding relationships is called _________.

Accepted Answer

The need to establish and maintain rewarding relationships is called the need for affiliation. This refers to the desire to be socially connected with others and to build close and supportive relationships. It is a fundamental human need and plays an important role in our overall well-being and happiness.

Question 11

According to your book,___________ is the most visible trait in social interactions.

Accepted Answer

Appearance is the most visible trait in social interactions as it is the first thing that people notice about us and it sets the initial impression. While behavior, demeanor, and character are also important, they are not as immediately noticeable as appearance.

Question 12

Laura is homely,artistic,and intelligent.She marries Jeff,who is also homely,artistic,and intelligent.Laura and Jeff's relationship illustrates an example of:

Accepted Answer

The matching hypothesis suggests that individuals are attracted to others who have similar levels of attractiveness or other important traits, such as intelligence or artistic ability. Laura and Jeff's similar homeliness, artistic talent, and intelligence suggest that they may have been attracted to each other based on the matching hypothesis.

Question 13

Mere exposure often leads to an increased favorable response towards a stimulus in all of the following circumstances EXCEPT?

Accepted Answer

Mere exposure typically leads to an increased favorable response towards a stimulus when the initial reaction is either favorable or neutral. When the initial reaction is negative, exposure can actually lead to a further decrease in favorability towards the stimulus.

Question 14

Sociologist __________ proposed the matching hypothesis.

Accepted Answer

Erving Goffman proposed the concept of the presentation of self, but it was actually Elaine Hatfield (not listed in the options) who is most closely associated with the development of the matching hypothesis. However, since none of the provided options are correct and Erving Goffman is the only sociologist among the options who has made significant contributions to sociology, it might be a confusion or mistake in the question. The matching hypothesis itself, which suggests that people are more likely to form and succeed in a committed relationship with someone who is equally socially desirable, is not directly attributed to Goffman. This answer is based on the options provided, but please note the clarification regarding the actual association with the matching hypothesis.

Question 15

The proportion of similarity refers to which of the following?

Accepted Answer

The proportion of similarity refers to the ratio of the number of topics on which people share similar views to the total number of topics they have communicated on. It is a measure used to determine the extent of similarity between individuals based on their communication patterns.

Question 16

Jane and Julie live on the same floor of the same freshman dorm while Amy lives six floors above them.Jane and Julie end up becoming close friends but they never end up crossing paths with Amy.In this example,Jane and Julie were more likely to develop a friendship due to:

Accepted Answer

Functional distance refers to the physical or environmental factors that influence the likelihood of people coming into contact. In this case, Jane and Julie living on the same floor of the same dorm creates functional distance that increases the likelihood of them crossing paths and developing a friendship. Similarity in personality, interests, or a need for affiliation may also have played a role, but functional distance seems to be the most significant factor in this scenario.

Question 17

Lee is from China and Daniel is from the United States.What does research suggest about how Lee and Daniel would rate the attractiveness level of a photograph of a white woman?

Accepted Answer

Research suggests that cross-cultural differences in attractiveness ratings tend to be small and that people from different cultures tend to agree on what is attractive. Therefore, Lee and Daniel would probably rate the attractiveness level of the woman about the same.

Question 18

________ states that similarity does not actually have any effect on attraction.

Accepted Answer

The repulsion hypothesis states that similarity actually leads to a decrease in attraction, which contradicts the commonly held belief that similarity is an important factor in determining attraction. The other answer choices (matching hypothesis, proportion of similarity, reciprocity) all suggest that similarity does play a role in attraction.

Question 19

When you ride the subway in the morning on the way to work,you often see the same stranger day in and day out.According to the mere exposure effect,over time you are likely to view this stranger:

Accepted Answer

The mere exposure effect suggests that repeated exposure to a stimulus (in this case, the stranger on the subway) increases the likelihood of developing a preference or positive attitude towards it. Therefore, over time, the individual is likely to view the stranger more favorably.

Question 20

Research has shown that friendships may benefit your life in which of the following ways?

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that friendships can have multiple benefits, including fostering a sense of positive well-being, boosting our self-esteem, and being associated with better health outcomes. A strong social support system through friendships can improve overall mental and physical health, reduce stress, and provide a sense of belonging and purpose in life. Therefore, all of the given options are correct.

Quiz 12: Examining Attraction and Close Relationships