Question 1

How does the text explain why issues such as drug trafficking, gang activity, and school shootings interest people?

Accepted Answer

A

Question 2

Adultery is an example of an activity that is ______.

Accepted Answer

Adultery is considered contrary to norms of behavior in many societies, reflecting moral and social expectations rather than legal restrictions. While it may have legal implications in some jurisdictions, it is primarily seen as a breach of social and moral norms.

Question 3

Jaywalking is an example of an activity that ______.

Accepted Answer

Jaywalking is considered both a violation of legal statutes in many jurisdictions and a breach of social norms regarding pedestrian behavior and safety.

Question 4

A homeless person is in the habit of urinating in back alleys. Because it doesn't directly affect most people, his behavior is overlooked most of the time, except by the people who live next to the alley. They have started a petition to get the police to take action. This demonstrates how deviance varies in terms of ______.

Accepted Answer

The situation illustrates how deviance is perceived differently based on its impact on people, showing that the behavior is considered more harmful by those directly affected.

Question 5

______ is the degree to which an action is believed to hurt others.

Accepted Answer

Perceived harmfulness refers to the extent to which an action is believed to cause harm or injury to others, making it the correct choice for this definition.

Question 6

Incest and sexual assault are almost always considered to be ______.

Accepted Answer

Incest and sexual assault are almost universally regarded as both deviant, meaning they deviate from accepted social norms and behaviors, and criminal, as they are illegal acts punishable by law.

Question 7

When Brigid turned 16, she got a tattoo on her ankle without telling her parents. When they saw it, they were very upset and concerned that she would have trouble getting a job because of the tattoo. This is an example of a ______.

Accepted Answer

This is an example of minor deviance, as it involves breaking social norms or rules (in this case, parental expectations and possibly societal norms about tattoos) without necessarily breaking laws.

Question 8

Julio was very creative, as evidenced by the graffiti he liberally applied to abandoned buildings. Most people would consider Julio's graffiti as a ______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Julio was very creative, as evidenced by...

Question 9

Which type of crime is likely to have the least serious legal and social consequences?

Accepted Answer

Lesser crimes, often referred to as misdemeanors or minor offenses, typically have the least serious legal and social consequences compared to capital crimes, white-collar crimes, and consensus crimes. These can include minor infractions or violations that result in less severe punishments.

Question 10

Acts that are considered extremely harmful to society and carry severe punishments are called ______.

Accepted Answer

Consensus crimes are considered extremely harmful to society and thus carry severe punishments. These are crimes that are universally agreed upon as being wrong and harmful, such as murder or rape.

Question 11

What type of crime usually takes place in the workplace and has high social costs and a negative impact on society?

Accepted Answer

White-collar crimes typically occur in the workplace and involve deceit, concealment, or violation of trust. They do not depend on the application or threat of physical force or violence. Such crimes have significant social costs, including financial losses and damage to societal trust and the integrity of institutions.

Question 12

The Chief Financial Officer of Enron went to jail for defrauding the company and lying about financial statements. This is an example of a ______.

Accepted Answer

The Chief Financial Officer of Enron's actions are classified as a white-collar crime, which refers to financially motivated, nonviolent crime committed by business and government professionals.

Question 13

How do conflict theorists explain why people commit white-collar crime?

Accepted Answer

Conflict theorists argue that individuals commit white-collar crime because they have social and economic power, which provides them with unique opportunities to commit such crimes and often shields them from the consequences.

Question 14

Symbolic interactionists maintain that we learn about the world through ______, such as parents and friends.

Accepted Answer

Symbolic interactionists argue that individuals understand and create the world around them through interaction with others, who act as socializing agents. These agents, including parents and friends, play a crucial role in the process of socialization, teaching individuals the norms, values, and symbols of their society.

Question 15

Berger and Luckmann believe that ______ has two steps: categorizing experiences, then forgetting how we determined this categorization in the first place and assuming it is natural and unchanging.

Accepted Answer

Berger and Luckmann's theory of the social construction of reality involves the process of categorizing experiences and then forgetting the origins of these categorizations, leading to the assumption that they are natural and unchanging. This process is central to their understanding of how societal norms and knowledge are created and perpetuated.

Question 16

The text gives an example of the fact that different societies have contrived different ways of categorizing time, but all have come to see their way as the natural and unchanging way of doing it. This demonstrates the concept of ______.

Accepted Answer

The text illustrates the concept of social construction, which refers to the way societies collectively create and agree upon concepts, norms, and values, such as the categorization of time, and then perceive them as natural and unchanging.

Question 17

Always-evolving social expectations that guide behavior are ______.

Accepted Answer

Norms are the always-evolving social expectations that guide behavior within a society, indicating what is considered acceptable or unacceptable conduct.

Question 18

Sexual activity between consenting persons of the same sex has been legal nationwide in the United States since ______.

Accepted Answer

Sexual activity between consenting persons of the same sex was legalized nationwide in the United States in 2003, following the Supreme Court's decision in Lawrence v. Texas.

Question 19

Émile Durkheim felt that all societies have crime and deviance, and in fact there is a ______ that exists.

Accepted Answer

Durkheim argued that crime is a normal aspect of society and that it plays a crucial role in social evolution. He believed that all societies have crime and deviance, indicating a "normality of crime."

Question 20

According to Durkheim, we cannot learn what is and is not acceptable without ______.

Accepted Answer

Durkheim believed that observing others break the rules helps society understand what is considered acceptable and unacceptable behavior, reinforcing social norms and values.

Quiz 3: Deviance, Law, and Crime