Question 1

In one form of intersex, called congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH), an XX fetus has adrenal glands that secrete excess androgens, causing the external genitalia to become partially masculinized. Which other situation might result in the same abnormality?

Accepted Answer

A woman taking testosterone during her pregnancy can lead to masculinization of the external genitalia in an XX fetus, similar to the effects seen in congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH).

Question 2

A child appears to be a girl, and is raised one. However, at puberty, the child's genitals become masculinized. From that time on, he is raised as a male, and accepts this new role. Which description of this child's development is most likely correct?

Accepted Answer

The child is XY with a 5-alpha-reductase deficiency, which results in a lack of DHT and underdeveloped male genitalia at birth. At puberty, increased testosterone levels can lead to masculinization.

Question 3

A person has gonadal intersexuality (gonads having both ovarian and testicular tissue) but does not appear to have a chromosomal abnormality. It is most likely that the affected person will

Accepted Answer

Gonadal intersexuality often results in infertility due to the presence of both ovarian and testicular tissue, which can disrupt normal reproductive function.

Question 4

What is the currently accepted best practice regarding the treatment of intersex children, or those with ambiguous genitalia?

Accepted Answer

The current best practice is to wait until the child is old enough to participate in decisions about their gender identity, allowing them to have a say in any irreversible medical procedures.

Question 5

Which statement most accurately compares gender identity and sexual orientation?

Accepted Answer

Gender identity refers to an individual's personal sense of their own gender, which may or may not correspond with their sex at birth. Sexual orientation refers to the pattern of emotional, romantic, or sexual attraction one feels towards others.

Question 6

A medical job requires memorizing where important nerves and blood vessels are located. Based on this requirement, who would be more likely to excel at this job?

Accepted Answer

Women generally have superior memory skills, which would aid in memorizing the locations of nerves and blood vessels.

Question 7

Which is generally true with regard to tasks like face recognition?

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that women tend to outperform men in tasks related to face recognition, possibly due to differences in cognitive processing or socialization factors.

Question 8

The manager of a high-end clothing store would like to hire a salesperson who will bring in a lot of customers and increase sales. The person should be friendly, interested in people, and able to remember many clients by face and name. The manager should hire

Accepted Answer

The skills required for the position are not inherently tied to gender; individuals of any gender can possess the necessary qualities such as being friendly, people-oriented, and having a good memory for faces and names.

Question 9

When asked whether she is a boy or a girl, three-year-old Kendra emphatically replies that she is a girl. Kendra is stating her

Accepted Answer

Kendra is expressing her gender identity, which is her personal sense of her own gender, in this case identifying as a girl.

Question 10

Compared to women, the attitudes of men toward sexual activity are generally more

Accepted Answer

Men are generally found to have more permissive attitudes towards sexual activity compared to women, often being more open to casual sex and having fewer restrictions on sexual behavior.

Question 11

Which scenario would most likely cause the greatest jealousy in a young wife?

Accepted Answer

Knowing her husband maintains a relationship with an ex-girlfriend would most likely cause the greatest jealousy in a young wife because it suggests that he still has feelings for her and that their relationship is not as exclusive as she thought it was.

Question 12

An older woman has a strong attraction to a handsome but penniless young man and begins a sexual relationship with him. How would experts in sexuality most likely describe the woman in this relationship?

Accepted Answer

Experts in sexuality would likely describe the woman's behavior as an exception to the statistical norm, but still within the range of normal human behavior. It is not uncommon for individuals to be attracted to partners who differ from them in terms of age or financial status, and this does not inherently indicate a dysfunction or need for psychological treatment.

Question 13

A large-scale survey of people in their teens and twenties showed that males had a stronger sex drive than females, were more likely to be stimulated by pornography, and reached orgasm faster than females. A psychologist would most likely describe the results for males in this survey as

Accepted Answer

The psychologist would likely describe these results as generalizations that fit many, but not all males, acknowledging variability among individuals.

Question 14

Which gender difference appears to arise earliest in child development?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which gender difference appears to arise earliest...

Question 15

Studies of vervet monkeys show that male monkeys prefer to play with toy cars and balls, while female monkeys prefer to play with dolls. How do the monkeys' preferences relate to toy preferences observed in human children?

Accepted Answer

The similarity in toy preferences between vervet monkeys and human children suggests an evolutionary basis for gender differences in play behavior.

Question 16

Which social or cultural factor is most likely associated with the evolutionary development of emotional jealousy in women?

Accepted Answer

Emotional jealousy in women is often linked to the fear of losing a partner's resources and support, which are crucial for raising children. This fear of abandonment and the potential loss of resources for their offspring is a significant evolutionary factor.

Question 17

A tendency in men toward casual sex probably evolved because men could

Accepted Answer

Men could have many offspring at little personal cost, which would increase their reproductive success and spread their genes more widely.

Question 18

If prenatal testosterone exposure leads to male gender development, then girls affected by congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) would be expected to show higher abilities than unaffected girls in all of these behaviors or skills except

Accepted Answer

Girls with CAH are exposed to higher levels of androgens, which can enhance abilities typically associated with males, such as aggression, navigation, and mental rotation. However, face recognition is generally a skill where females tend to excel, and it is not typically enhanced by prenatal testosterone exposure.

Question 19

A higher 2D:4D finger-length ratio would likely be consistent with a higher incidence of which characteristic in either men or women?

Accepted Answer

A higher 2D:4D ratio is often associated with higher social skills, as it is linked to lower prenatal testosterone exposure.

Question 20

What conclusion can be drawn about the effect of pre-birth brain exposure to androgens on the gender characteristics of an adult?

Accepted Answer

Pre-birth exposure to androgens can have a strong influence on certain gender characteristics, such as physical traits, but may have a weaker influence on others, like behavioral traits.

Quiz 4: Sex Development and Diversity

In one form of intersex, called congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) , an XX fetus has adrenal glands that secrete excess androgens, causing the external genitalia to become partially masculinized. Which other situation might result in the same abnormality?