Question 1

Which statement is reflective of the use of analytic epidemiology?

Accepted Answer

Analytic epidemiology involves studying the determinants of health-related states or events, such as the increased risk for West Nile fever due to specific factors like standing flood waters and mosquitos.

Question 2

The nurse is researching health concerns relative to young adults in a specific state. Which resource is most likely to assist the nurse with obtaining the necessary data?

Accepted Answer

C

Question 3

The nurse manager in an acute healthcare setting becomes aware of an increased number of hospital-acquired infections for postoperative patients. Which specific type of epidemiology will the nurse manager initiate?

Accepted Answer

Hospital epidemiology focuses on the study and control of infections within healthcare settings, making it the appropriate choice for addressing hospital-acquired infections.

Question 4

The public health nurse reviews health statistics for county residents and discovers a high number of adults who smoke. Which type of preventive measure does the nurse the initiate with the development of a smoking cessation program?

Accepted Answer

Active prevention involves taking direct actions to prevent a health issue, such as initiating a smoking cessation program to help individuals quit smoking and reduce the risk of smoking-related diseases.

Question 5

Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS), is a surveillance project of the CDC and state health departments. For which reason does the PRAMS project exist?

Accepted Answer

PRAMS exists to collect data on maternal attitudes and experiences before, during, and shortly after pregnancy to develop programs and policies aimed at preventing adverse outcomes for mothers and infants.

Question 6

The CDC collects data from death certificates to determine pregnancy-related deaths for the Pregnancy Mortality Surveillance System. Which parameters are used to define a pregnancy-related death?

Accepted Answer

Pregnancy-related death is defined as the death of a woman during pregnancy or within one year of the end of pregnancy, regardless of the outcome, duration, or site of the pregnancy, from any cause related to or aggravated by the pregnancy or its management.

Question 7

The infant mortality rate is cited in a 2016 report by the CDC. Which regions of the U.S. exhibits higher rates than the national average?

Accepted Answer

The Southern and Midwest regions of the U.S. have historically exhibited higher infant mortality rates than the national average, as reported by the CDC.

Question 8

The Maternal Mortality Review Information Application (MMRIA) systematically investigates mortality. Which other increasing trend is covered by this report?

Accepted Answer

The MMRIA report also covers the increasing trend of racial disparity in maternal mortality, highlighting differences in outcomes among different racial and ethnic groups.

Question 9

For which reason are the numbers of deaths from infectious diseases estimated since the rates are derived from data reported on death certificates?

Accepted Answer

Death certificates can often be completed inaccurately, leading to the need for estimates in the number of deaths from infectious diseases.

Question 10

The epidemiology triangle is comprised of an agent as the cause of disease, the host as the human or animal susceptible to a disease, and the environment as external surroundings or conditions that enable disease transmission to the human or animal. Which concern highlights the relevancy of the epidemiology triangle?

Accepted Answer

The re-emergence of previously eradicated organisms highlights the relevance of the epidemiology triangle as it involves the interaction between the agent, host, and environment, which can lead to the reappearance of diseases.

Question 11

Much attention is given to the transmission of communicable infections such as SARS. Which phylogeny of SARS is identified through scientific research?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Much attention is given to the transmission...

Question 12

Which information is effective in preventing the spread of SARS?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which information is effective in preventing the...

Question 13

Which is the greatest concern with the emergence of a new disease?

Accepted Answer

The greatest concern with a new disease is often the lack of knowledge about its transmission, as this can lead to rapid and uncontrolled spread, making it difficult to contain and manage.

Question 14

WHO acknowledges the focus on the social context of health was not as prominent in the 1950s and 1960s as it is currently. For which reason did the focus shift away from the social context of health in that timeframe?

Accepted Answer

During the 1950s and 1960s, there was a strong emphasis on targeting specific diseases, which led to a focus on biomedical approaches rather than the broader social context of health.

Question 15

The nurse is aware that exposure of a fetus to lead can lead to a variety of adverse events. Which manifestation may exist from lead exposure prior to birth?

Accepted Answer

Lead exposure during pregnancy can result in the fetus being small for gestational age due to its toxic effects on growth and development.

Question 16

The nurse is collecting information from the medical records in a private practice to determine the number of patients being treated for alcohol abuse who experience depression. Which type of statistics is the nurse using?

Accepted Answer

Descriptive statistics are used to summarize or describe the characteristics of a data set, such as the number of patients with depression among those treated for alcohol abuse.

Question 17

The nurse is reviewing a research article and notes the power range of the study is .80. Which conclusion does the nurse draw regarding the statistical power related to the population being studied?

Accepted Answer

A power of .80 is generally considered acceptable, indicating a 20% chance of a Type II error, meaning there is a good chance of detecting a genuine effect if it exists.

Question 18

Which information does the public health nurse include as being definitive of descriptive epidemiology?

Accepted Answer

Four adults had vomiting 4 hours after eating local mushrooms is definitive of descriptive epidemiology because it describes the occurrence of a health-related event (vomiting) in a specific population (four adults) and time frame (4 hours after eating local mushrooms).

Question 19

The nurse is compiling information about the residents in an extended care facility. Which process does the nurse use to find the average age of the residents?

Accepted Answer

The average age is found by adding all the ages together and dividing the total by the number of residents.

Question 20

The nurse is using descriptive epidemiology to monitor an outbreak of measles among children. If a scatter chart indicates a specific area of heavy incidence, which term does the nurse use to describe the variable of time and/or place?

Accepted Answer

Clustering is the term used to describe the variable of time and/or place when a scatter chart indicates a specific area of heavy incidence.

Quiz 12: Epidemiology and Public Health