Question 1

Which of the following design types is most accurate for determining causality?

Accepted Answer

Experimental designs are most accurate for determining causality because they involve random assignment and control over variables, allowing for clear cause-and-effect conclusions.

Question 2

Which type of design would be used by researchers investigating the relationship between coping strategies used by caregivers of older adults with cognitive changes and the occurrence of elder abuse?

Accepted Answer

A correlational design is appropriate for investigating the relationship between two variables, such as coping strategies and the occurrence of elder abuse, without manipulating any variables.

Question 3

A study's participants are divided into a control group, a group that receives an experimental intervention, a group that receives a different experimental intervention, and a group that receives both of the experimental interventions. Which type of design does the study demonstrate?

Accepted Answer

A factorial design involves multiple groups receiving different combinations of interventions, allowing researchers to study the effects of each intervention and their interaction.

Question 4

A researcher hypothesizes that inpatients who receive more visitors will self-report higher satisfaction with the level of care they receive. Which design would the researcher use to test the hypothesis?

Accepted Answer

The answer of A researcher hypothesizes that inpatients who receive...

Question 5

A study of data compiled from emergency departments reveals that the number of hospital visits for cooking-related knife injuries significantly increases around major holidays. What do the variables examined in the study show?

Accepted Answer

The study shows covariance, as it identifies a relationship between two variables: the timing of major holidays and the increase in cooking-related knife injuries.

Question 6

Which of these is an example of community-based participatory research?

Accepted Answer

Community-based participatory research involves collaboration with community members in the research process, including the design phase, as seen in option B.

Question 7

Why are descriptive designs sometimes called exploratory studies?

Accepted Answer

Descriptive designs are called exploratory studies because they are used to gather information and understand phenomena when there is limited existing knowledge.

Question 8

How does the nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design differ from the classical experimental design?

Accepted Answer

The nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design differs from the classical experimental design in that it does not allow for random assignment of subjects to groups, which can lead to differences between groups that are not due to the intervention.

Question 9

To reduce the threat of mortality, researchers should regularly communicate the benefits of the experimental intervention to the study participants.

Accepted Answer

Communicating the benefits of an intervention to participants can introduce bias and affect the study's validity. Researchers should ensure participants are informed about the study without influencing their decision to continue based on perceived benefits.

Question 10

If a researcher is unable to randomly assign subjects to groups and must use a comparison group, the study design is considered nonexperimental.

Accepted Answer

A study that uses a comparison group without random assignment is considered a quasi-experimental design, not nonexperimental. Nonexperimental designs do not involve manipulation or comparison groups.

Quiz 7: Quantitative Designs: Using Numbers to Provide Evidence