Question 1

Which of the following is a stereotypical attitude about smokers who survive into old age?

Accepted Answer

A stereotypical attitude about smokers who survive into old age suggests that because of their advanced age, they no longer have time to benefit from a reduction in risk by quitting. In fact, smokers who continue to smoke as older adults continue to increase their risk of morbidity and mortality. Those who quit smoking, even late in life, can improve their physical function and overall health in comparison to those who continue smoking.

Question 2

Which of the following is true about Medicare smoking cessation coverage?

Accepted Answer

Currently, Medicare covers two quit attempts per year, each consisting of up to four counseling sessions. Smoking counseling must be prescribed by a doctor, as well as provided by a qualified doctor or a Medicare-recognized practitioner. The Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services do not provide guidelines when it comes to qualifications, and encourage clinicians to become appropriately trained until a consensus on national credentialing emerges.

Question 3

Describe the health implications of the rise in electronic cigarette use.
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_____________________________________________________

Accepted Answer

The electronic cigarette (e-cigarettes) is a battery-powered device that delivers an odorless dose of nicotine and flavoring without tar or additives and produces a vapor mist similar to tobacco smoke. Studies indicate that e-cigarettes are a gateway to smoking and may cause damage to DNA, impede the ability of cells to repair themselves, and possibly increase the risk of cancer and heart disease.

Question 4

Identify the benefits of driverless cars for older adults.
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Accepted Answer

The answer of Identify the benefits of driverless cars for...

Question 5

What constitutes moderate drinking?

Accepted Answer

No consensus exists among alcohol researchers and other experts regarding what constitutes moderate drinking. The Department of Agriculture defined moderate drinking as no more than two drinks a day for men and one drink a day for women, with a drink defined as approximately 12 ounces of beer, 5 ounces of wine, or 1.5 ounces of spirits. Some researchers conclude, however, that given the substantial increase in the proportion of body fat with aging and the concomitant decrease in volume of total body water, a maximum of one drink a day may be advised for both older women and men.

Question 6

Which of the following is not considered a positive effect of one drink per day?

Accepted Answer

Studies have reported that individuals who consume moderate amounts of alcohol may reduce their risk of heart failure and ischemic stroke. It is not clear why moderate drinking would have a positive effect on health. Speculation includes lowering blood pressure, raising protective HDL cholesterol, or reducing the likelihood of blood clots. Some studies, however, report no health benefit from one drink per day.

Question 7

Older adults account for what proportion of outpatient prescription medications?

Accepted Answer

Although adults age 65 and over comprise only 13% of the population, they account for more than a third of outpatient prescription medications and a similar percentage of those purchased over the counter. Between 1999 and 2012 the use of five or more prescription drugs increased from 10% to 15% among those age 40 to 64 and from 24% to 39% among those age 65 and over.

Question 8

To avoid adverse drug reactions, patients need to do which of the following?

Accepted Answer

To avoid adverse drug reactions, patients need to comply with their medication regimen, report unexpected side effects, and exercise caution with over-the-counter medications. They also need to know more about their medications. Only 15% of older patients who visited an emergency department were able to accurately report on their medications, dosages, frequencies, and indications.

Question 9

Which of the following is the definition of polypharmacy?

Accepted Answer

Polypharmacy is the use of more medications than are clinically indicated. Older adults are particularly vulnerable to polypharmacy because most chronic conditions associated with aging are potentially responsive to medications. This leads to the increased risk of multiple drug use among older adults, complicated by the fact that many older patients see more than one health care provider. With more than one provider, prescription and over-the-counter drug usage may not be coordinated, and older patients are vulnerable to potential interactions-drug-drug, drug-allergy, drug-food, drug-drink, and drug-disease-and therapeutic duplication.

Question 10

What environmental factors contribute to the greater frequency, severity of injuries, and death by falls among older adults?

Accepted Answer

Certain factors are extrinsic to an increased incidence of falls among older people. Homes age along with people; uneven floor surfaces and the absence of safety equipment, such as grab bars for bathtubs and showers, in older homes contribute to accidents. Other culprits in the home are throw rugs, inadequate lighting, steep stairs, and lack of handrails on stairs.

Question 11

What proportion of the older adult population falls each year?

Accepted Answer

According to the Centers for Disease Control, more than one third of older adults fall each year in the United States. Falls are the leading cause of death due to injury among older adults, and fall-related deaths among older adults have risen significantly this past decade as the older population increases in number and longevity. Falls are also the most common cause of hospital admissions.

Question 12

Identify the challenges of sex in long-term care facilities.
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Accepted Answer

The answer of Identify the challenges of sex in long-term...

Question 13

Which of the following statements about fall risk factors is true?

Accepted Answer

Many fall risk factors are preventable. Studies of tai chi demonstrate that it improves balance and reduces falls. Weight-bearing and other types of exercise reduce the risk of hip fracture and falls. Environmental changes, such as adding night lights, adjusting placement of objects and furniture, removal of tripping hazards, use of nonslip floor mats, and installation of grab bars in the bathroom, can lead to a reduced incidence of falls by older adults.

Question 14

What is true about normal aging?

Accepted Answer

Normal aging is accompanied by lessened quality and quantity of sleep. There appears to be a measurable decrease in the ability of the healthy older adult to initiate and maintain sleep, accompanied by a decrease in the proportion of the deeper, more restorative sleep.

Question 15

What is a behavioral intervention to improve sleep?

Accepted Answer

Most sleep specialists recommend the application of behavioral interventions for nonmedical sleep disorder problems rather than the long-term use of sleep medications. Cognitive behavioral therapy is effective for alleviating insomnia symptoms and improving sleep efficiency over the long run, without the need for medications.

Quiz 7: Selected Health Education and Aging Topics

Which of the following is a stereotypical attitude about smokers who survive into old age?

Which of the following is true about Medicare smoking cessation coverage?

Describe the health implications of the rise in electronic cigarette use. ___________________________ _ ___________________________

Identify the benefits of driverless cars for older adults. ___________________________ _ ___________________________

What constitutes moderate drinking?

Which of the following is not considered a positive effect of one drink per day?

Older adults account for what proportion of outpatient prescription medications?

To avoid adverse drug reactions, patients need to do which of the following?

Which of the following is the definition of polypharmacy?

What environmental factors contribute to the greater frequency, severity of injuries, and death by falls among older adults?

What proportion of the older adult population falls each year?

Identify the challenges of sex in long-term care facilities. ___________________________ _ ___________________________

Which of the following statements about fall risk factors is true?

What is true about normal aging?

What is a behavioral intervention to improve sleep?

Quiz 7: Selected Health Education and Aging Topics

Which of the following is a stereotypical attitude about smokers who survive into old age?

Which of the following is true about Medicare smoking cessation coverage?

Describe the health implications of the rise in electronic cigarette use. _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________

Identify the benefits of driverless cars for older adults. _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________

What constitutes moderate drinking?

Which of the following is not considered a positive effect of one drink per day?

Older adults account for what proportion of outpatient prescription medications?

To avoid adverse drug reactions, patients need to do which of the following?

Which of the following is the definition of polypharmacy?

What environmental factors contribute to the greater frequency, severity of injuries, and death by falls among older adults?

What proportion of the older adult population falls each year?

Identify the challenges of sex in long-term care facilities. _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________

Which of the following statements about fall risk factors is true?

What is true about normal aging?

What is a behavioral intervention to improve sleep?

Describe the health implications of the rise in electronic cigarette use. ___________________________ _ ___________________________

Identify the benefits of driverless cars for older adults. ___________________________ _ ___________________________

Identify the challenges of sex in long-term care facilities. ___________________________ _ ___________________________