Question 1

The Environmental Protection Agency is an example of a(n)

Accepted Answer

An administrative agency is an institution created by Congress with delegated power to pass rules and regulations within its mandated area of authority.

Question 2

In 1978, a 13-year-old boy was severely burned in a rear-end collision involving a Ford Pinto. The case went to court and Ford was ordered to pay $125 million in punitive damages based on the legal principle of

Accepted Answer

Product liability holds businesses liable for harm that results from the production, design, sale, or use of products they market. Many states have extended product liability to the level of strict product liability-legally meaning liability without regard to fault.

Question 3

A patent gives inventors exclusive rights to their inventions for

Accepted Answer

A patent gives inventors exclusive rights to their inventions for 20 years.

Question 4

Under the doctrine of strict product liability, a manufacturer can be held liable

Accepted Answer

The doctrine of strict product liability holds a firm responsible without regard to fault.

Question 5

When a person's or company's behavior causes unintentional harm or injury to others they are said to be ________ in tort law.

Accepted Answer

Negligence is a tort that refers to unintentional harm caused by a person or company's failure to exercise reasonable care or take necessary precautions. It can occur in a variety of contexts, such as car accidents, medical malpractice, or slip-and-fall incidents. Being liable simply means that a person or company is responsible for the harm caused, which is a consequence of being negligent. While purposeful behavior can also result in tort liability, it requires the person or company to intentionally cause harm or injury to others, which is not the case in this scenario. The term "out-of-control" is not a legal term used in tort law.

Question 6

Who owns the copyright of a cartoon character created by an employee of a firm as part of their normal job responsibilities?

Accepted Answer

Generally, when an employee creates a work within the scope of their employment, the employer owns the copyright. As such, the cartoon character created by an employee as part of their job responsibilities would be owned by the employer.

Question 7

When McDonald's lost a lawsuit to a person severely burned by hot coffee, McDonald's was found to be guilty of

Accepted Answer

McDonald's lost a lawsuit to a person severely burned by hot coffee she bought at a drive-through window. The jury felt McDonald's failed to provide an adequate warning on the cup. McDonald's was found guilty of negligence or behavior that caused unintentional harm or injury.

Question 8

The City of Lawtown filed suit against certain gun manufacturers for financial payments to cover the costs of police work and medical care as a result of gun violence. This suit was based on the legal principle of

Accepted Answer

Product liability holds businesses liable for harm that results from the production, design, sale, or use of products they market. Many states have extended product liability to the level of strict product liability-legally meaning liability without regard to fault.

Question 9

The Griggs v. Duke Power Company (1971) case established a precedent on the need to use job-related tests in employment practices. Similar court cases have been decided based on this decision. This is an example of

Accepted Answer

Common law is the body of law that comes from decisions handed down by judges, i.e., precedents.

Question 10

The remedy for a tort is

Accepted Answer

Victims of wrongful conduct that results in injury (a tort) are often awarded monetary compensation.

Question 11

A(n) ________ tort is a willful act that results in injury.

Accepted Answer

An intentional tort is a willful act that results in injury, such as assault, battery, or trespassing. Negligent torts are based on a failure to exercise reasonable care, while common and statutory torts are specific types of legal claims based on particular laws or customs.

Question 12

Julian was injured using a hair dryer manufactured by Epic Electronics. Julian has contacted a lawyer because he feels that Epic is responsible for his injury based on the legal principle of

Accepted Answer

Strict product liability laws hold businesses liable for damages without regard to fault.

Question 13

About ________ percent of patent applications are approved.

Accepted Answer

The answer of About ________ percent of patent applications are...

Question 14

Which of the following holds a company liable for damages caused by a defective product even if the firm was unaware of the defect at the time of sale?

Accepted Answer

Strict product liability holds a company responsible for damages caused by a defective product regardless of their knowledge of the defect. This principle is based on the idea that manufacturers have a responsibility to ensure the safety of their products before releasing them into the market.

Question 15

Which of the following protects the original work of authors and artists (i.e., their books, photos, or cartoons)?

Accepted Answer

A copyright protects the original work of authors and artists, including books, photos, and cartoons. Trademarks protect brand names and logos, patents protect inventions, and the Uniform Commercial Code is a set of laws governing commercial transactions.

Question 16

Lawtown's mayor has just signed legislation requiring fire sprinklers in every public school. This is an example of

Accepted Answer

Statutory law includes written legislation by local, state, and federal governments.

Question 17

Which of the following holds a company liable for negligence in the production, design, sale, or use of products the firm markets?

Accepted Answer

Product liability holds a company responsible for any harm or damage caused by its products due to negligence in the design, production, sale, or use of the products. Breach of contract refers to a violation of a legal agreement between two parties, price discrimination relates to unfair pricing practices, and promotional responsibility pertains to the ethical responsibility of marketing and advertising practices. None of these concepts directly apply to a company's accountability for product liability.

Question 18

A(n) ________ patent refers to the situation when some inventors intentionally delay a patent application because they expect others to develop similar products or technology.

Accepted Answer

The term for intentionally delaying a patent application is known as a "submarine patent." This is because the inventor is intentionally keeping their invention hidden beneath the surface (like a submarine) until they see others entering the same market space with a similar product, at which point they can emerge and capitalize on their intellectual property rights.

Question 19

We count on companies to provide us with safe products, and to provide us with full disclosure if they are using potentially harmful chemicals in the production and distribution of their products. Under ________, if in a court of law it is proven that a well-known fast food chain is using a potentially harmful chemical in the preparation of their fries, the company is likely to be required to disclose information on this process to its customers.

Accepted Answer

Strict product liability is liability without regard to fault. If a product or process causes undue harm to individuals, the manufacturer or producer is held liable.

Question 20

The Nike swoosh and the golden arches of McDonald's are examples of a

Accepted Answer

The Nike swoosh and the golden arches of McDonald's are both examples of widely recognized trademarks that are used to identify and distinguish the products and services of their respective companies. A trademark is a type of intellectual property that grants exclusive rights to use a particular symbol, design, or phrase in connection with commerce. This allows companies to establish their brand identity and protect against competitors who might try to use similar marks to confuse consumers.

Quiz 21: Appendix: Working Within the Legal Environment