Question 1

Hugenberg and Corneille (2009)exposed Caucasian participants to the faces of unfamiliar people.They found that compared to faces of outgroup members, faces of ingroup members were processed more

Accepted Answer

Hugenberg and Corneille (2009) found that faces of ingroup members were processed more holistically compared to faces of outgroup members. Holistic processing involves perceiving individual parts of a stimulus as being interdependent and forming a whole. This suggests that ingroup faces are processed more comprehensively or "as a whole" compared to outgroup faces.

Question 2

A junior high coach decides to separate his basketball players into an A team and a B team.These two teams regularly play each other and compete for rewards, such as time at the drinking fountain and use of the new basketballs.The Robbers Cave experiment would suggest that the coach's new arrangement is likely to

Accepted Answer

The Robbers Cave experiment showed that when groups are created and compete against each other for rewards, it often leads to hostility and negative attitudes towards the opposing group. This is likely to happen between the A team and the B team as they compete for rewards such as time at the drinking fountain and use of new basketballs.

Question 3

Research findings regarding dehumanization indicate that

Accepted Answer

Research has found that people tend to process outgroup faces in a manner similar to their processing of nonhuman objects, indicating a dehumanizing effect.

Answer: B is incorrect as dehumanization is typically associated with reactions of lesser empathy, not greater empathy.

Answer: C is incorrect as research has found that both members of the racial majority and the minority tend to be aware of cultural associations between racial minority group members and particular animal characteristics.

Answer: D is incorrect as only option A is correct.

Question 4

A shared goal that can be achieved only through cooperation among individuals or groups is

Accepted Answer

A superordinate goal is a shared goal that can only be achieved through cooperation among individuals or groups.

Question 5

The stereotype content model of Cuddy, Fiske, and colleagues groups stereotypes along the two dimensions of

Accepted Answer

The stereotype content model groups stereotypes along the two dimensions of competence (which includes intelligence) and warmth (which includes morality). The other options (directness and indirectness, dehumanization and impulsivity) are not part of the stereotype content model.

Question 6

System-justifying beliefs are

Accepted Answer

Research has consistently shown that individuals in positions of power, whether it be in terms of socioeconomic status, race, or gender, are more likely to hold system-justifying beliefs. These beliefs serve to rationalize and justify the current system and maintain the status quo, which benefits those in power. Therefore, option A is the correct choice. Options B, C, and D are incorrect as system-justifying beliefs are not associated with collectivist cultures, are not associated with decreased levels of ingroup/outgroup bias, and there is no evidence to suggest that they are more common among women than men.

Question 7

Ingroup members display the outgroup homogeneity effect because

Accepted Answer

Ingroup members often perceive outgroup members as more similar to each other than they actually are because they have less exposure and familiarity with the outgroup, leading to a lack of nuanced understanding of their variability.

Question 8

Buffy is a member of a sorority.She considers the stereotypes about her sorority to be gross overgeneralizations, but claims that the stereotypes about other sororities seem to have a kernel of truth.Buffy's thinking best illustrates

Accepted Answer

Buffy's belief that her own sorority does not fit the stereotype, but that other sororities do suggests that she perceives members of other sororities as more similar to each other than they actually are. This is consistent with the outgroup homogeneity effect, which refers to the tendency to perceive members of outgroups as more homogeneous (similar to each other) than members of one's own ingroup.

Question 9

The results of the Robbers Cave experiment can be extrapolated to suggest that prejudice between groups can be increased when the groups are placed in a situation where

Accepted Answer

The Robbers Cave experiment showed that prejudice and intergroup conflict increased when two groups, previously unaware of each other, were introduced to each other in a competitive setting. This suggests that competition can create an "us vs. them" mentality and increase animosity between groups.

Question 10

Which of the following is an example of a superordinate goal?

Accepted Answer

Superordinate goals are those that require cooperation between individuals who may have conflicting interests or goals. In option D, the athletes who normally compete against each other are now working together towards a common goal of winning the relay race, which requires them to cooperate and work together despite their usual competition. This is an example of a superordinate goal. Options A, B, and C do not involve conflicting interests or require cooperation between individuals.

Question 11

The Jets and the Sharks are two groups of local youths who regularly-and belligerently-compete against each other.The Robbers Cave experiment would suggest that one way of healing the rift between these groups is to

Accepted Answer

The Robbers Cave experiment demonstrated that working together towards a common goal that requires cooperative efforts can help to break down intergroup hostility and create a sense of group unity. In this case, having the Jets and the Sharks work together on a project or activity that requires them to collaborate could help to heal the rift between them. A and D are not appropriate options as dating or noting good qualities may not address the underlying factors that contribute to intergroup conflict. B may help to facilitate communication, but without a productive goal to work towards, it may not lead to sustained positive outcomes.

Question 12

The Robbers Cave experiment demonstrated that

Accepted Answer

The answer of The Robbers Cave experiment demonstrated that
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Question 13

Which of the following does not contribute to the outgroup homogeneity effect?

Accepted Answer

The outgroup homogeneity effect refers to the tendency for individuals to perceive members of a particular outgroup as being more similar to each other than they actually are. This can be due to a number of factors, such as limited exposure to and interaction with outgroup members, leading to a lack of familiarity and understanding of the diversity that exists within the outgroup. However, option C states that ingroup members accurately perceive the lack of diversity within the outgroup, which would actually counteract the outgroup homogeneity effect. Therefore, C does not contribute to the effect.

Question 14

Individuals with a strong social dominance orientation are least likely to

Accepted Answer

Individuals with a strong social dominance orientation prefer hierarchical group relations and are less likely to support egalitarian societies, which aim for equality among all groups.

Question 15

Charles is a Red Sox fan who does not think highly of Yankees fans.Which of the following statements that Charles made in the past week is most consistent with the concept of outgroup homogeneity?

Accepted Answer

Option A is most consistent with the concept of outgroup homogeneity as it suggests that all Yankees fans share negative traits, indicating a lack of individual variability within the perceived outgroup. This is a common characteristic of outgroup homogeneity bias. Options B and C suggest that there is some variability within the group, which is inconsistent with this bias. Option D implies a preference for teams rather than a negative stereotype of a group of people.

Question 16

Being asked to think about one's mortality tends to

Accepted Answer

Research suggests that thinking about one's mortality tends to increase ingroup bias, as people seek to strengthen their connections with their own group and distance themselves from out-groups. This phenomenon is known as Terror Management Theory.

Question 17

One conclusion that can be drawn from the Robbers Cave study is that

Accepted Answer

The Robbers Cave study demonstrated that mere contact between groups is not enough to reduce conflict; instead, cooperative intergroup activities that require working towards a common goal are necessary. This suggests that propaganda alone is ineffective in eliminating group conflict.

Question 18

According to the stereotype content model, migrant farm workers who move to an area with a shortage of farming jobs would likely be viewed as

Accepted Answer

The stereotype content model predicts that out-group members who are perceived as competing for scarce resources will be viewed negatively, both in terms of warmth and competence.

Question 19

Michigan and Ohio State are rival universities.Students at the two schools only interact when the athletic teams they play for compete against each other.Sherif's Robbers Cave experiment suggests that the students will

Accepted Answer

The Robbers Cave experiment showed that when two groups are in direct competition with each other, they tend to develop negative views of the other group and behave in a hostile manner. In this case, the rivalry between Michigan and Ohio State creates a similar situation where the students are motivated to see the other group as their opponents and behave competitively and even negatively towards them.

Question 20

Arnold is not a cheerleader and doesn't know any cheerleaders personally, but when he sees them at the football games, they are always smiling.Arnold is likely to

Accepted Answer

Arnold only sees cheerleaders at football games and they are always smiling, so it is likely for him to form a stereotype that all cheerleaders are happy.

Quiz 5: Stereotypes, Prejudice, and Discrimination

Hugenberg and Corneille (2009) exposed Caucasian participants to the faces of unfamiliar people.They found that compared to faces of outgroup members, faces of ingroup members were processed more