Question 1

Becoming an author enables you to form a(n)________.
A) sense of purpose
B) well-rounded personality
C) intellectual identity
D) narrative identity

Accepted Answer

Becoming an author enables you to form a narrative identity, which is a sense of self that is based on the stories you tell about yourself and your experiences.

Question 2

Personality development is ________.
A) the mean level change of a trait over time
B) the cross-situational consistency of a trait
C) the rank-order change of a trait across individuals
D) the change in social status of an individual over time

Accepted Answer

Personality development refers to the mean level change of a trait over time. It involves the study of how personality traits change and develop over the course of a person's life.

Question 3

Maria is in her late 20s and is a manager at an advertising company.According to the text,Maria is following the ________.
A) Feminine Social Clock
B) Neither Social Clock
C) Masculine Social Clock
D) Occupational Achievement Clock

Accepted Answer

Maria's role as a manager at an advertising company aligns with the Masculine Social Clock, which typically involves career advancement and occupational achievement.

Question 4

According to a classic study,individuals who grew up during the Great Depression had different attitudes regarding work and financial security than those who did not grow up during this time.These findings provide evidence for ________.
A) the maturity principle
B) cohort effects
C) rank-order stability of personality
D) cumulative continuity principle

Accepted Answer

Cohort effects refer to the impact of growing up during specific historical events or time periods on attitudes, behaviors, and values. The study mentioned in the question provides evidence for cohort effects, as individuals who grew up during the Great Depression had different attitudes towards work and financial security compared to those who did not experience this period.

Question 5

A current study is surveying people of different ages in order to understand whether or not individuals' levels of subjective well-being change across the life span.What type of developmental study is this?
A) longitudinal
B) cross-sectional
C) informant
D) experimental

Accepted Answer

This is a cross-sectional study as it is examining individuals at different ages at the same point in time. It is not following the same individuals over time (longitudinal) or manipulating variables (experimental). It does not involve gathering information from others about the individual's development (informant).

Question 6

According to Dan McAdams,the narrative theme of "agency" organizes the life story around ________.
A) an event that seemed terrible at the time but had positive consequences in the end
B) individuals who had a particular influence in the trajectory of one's life
C) episodes of challenging oneself and then accomplishing one's goals
D) a high-point, a low-point, and a turning point

Accepted Answer

According to Dan McAdams, the narrative theme of "agency" organizes the life story around episodes of challenging oneself and then accomplishing one's goals. This theme emphasizes the individual's ability to shape their own life through their actions and choices, highlighting their agency and autonomy.

Question 7

Ashley has just graduated from law school and in the next few weeks will begin working as a junior partner at a national law firm.Ashley is beginning to see herself as an ________.
A) agent
B) artist
C) author
D) actor

Accepted Answer

A junior partner in a law firm can be seen as an agent, as they represent their clients and act on their behalf in legal matters. The other choices (artist, author, actor) do not relate to the role of a junior partner in a law firm.

Question 8

According to a recent large-scale cross-sectional study,adolescents around the world in today's age tend to be ________.
A) agreeable and considerate
B) impulsive and rebellious
C) conscientious and studious
D) aggressive and angry

Accepted Answer

Recent studies indicate that adolescents today often exhibit impulsive and rebellious behavior, which can be attributed to various social, environmental, and developmental factors.

Question 9

Based on personality development research conducted over the last 40 years,what can we conclude regarding William James's claim that personality is "set like plaster" by age 30?
A) He was more or less correct.
B) He was very wrong.
C) There is not yet enough evidence to know whether or not he was correct.
D) He was wrong in the sense that personality remains stable after age 50.

Accepted Answer

Research conducted over the last 40 years has shown that personality continues to develop and change throughout the lifespan, and is not "set like plaster" by age 30. There is evidence that personality can change in response to life experiences, interventions such as therapy or training, and even as a natural part of the aging process. Therefore, James's claim is not supported by current research.

Question 10

Research suggests that women who follow ________ reported being content and satisfied with life 20 years after graduation.
A) the Feminine Social Clock
B) the Masculine Social Clock
C) neither the Feminine Social Clock nor the social clock
D) either the Feminine Social Clock or Masculine Social Clock

Accepted Answer

Research indicates that women who adhere to either the Feminine Social Clock or the Masculine Social Clock tend to report higher levels of contentment and life satisfaction 20 years post-graduation.

Question 11

What is a well-known issue with cross-sectional methodology?
A) the length of time it takes to collect data from each and every age group
B) the possibility that differences in childhood social environment is determining differences between age groups
C) the difficulty in obtaining data from each and every age group
D) the possibility that one group is over-represented in the study

Accepted Answer

A well-known issue with cross-sectional methodology is the possibility that differences in childhood social environment are determining differences between age groups. This is because different age groups may have experienced different social and environmental factors during their childhood that may have influenced their development and behavior. Therefore, it may be difficult to determine whether observed differences between age groups are due to age or other confounding factors.

Question 12

According to recent evidence,results from longitudinal studies and cross-sectional studies about personality traits are ________.
A) only slightly different
B) drastically different
C) not comparable
D) only the same in certain contexts

Accepted Answer

Recent evidence suggests that results from longitudinal studies and cross-sectional studies about personality traits are only slightly different. This indicates that personality traits tend to remain relatively stable over time, with minor changes occurring due to life experiences and situational factors.

Question 13

Allen has just begun his first professional job.Allen will most likely display an increase in which trait?
A) extraversion
B) openness to experience
C) conscientiousness
D) agreeableness

Accepted Answer

Conscientiousness is associated with dependability, responsibility, and self-discipline, and is often seen as a desirable trait in the workplace. As Allen starts his first professional job, he is likely to display an increase in conscientiousness to match the expectations and demands of his new role. While the other traits may also be relevant in certain contexts, conscientiousness is the most likely to increase in this situation.

Question 14

Paul used to abuse alcohol and at his lowest point,his father helped him become sober.Now Paul and his father are closer than they ever have been.Paul's story is an example of a(n)________ story.
A) agency
B) interpersonal
C) redemptive
D) communion

Accepted Answer

Paul's story is an example of a redemptive story because he went through a low point, but with the help of his father, he was able to overcome his addiction and become sober. This led to an improvement in his relationship with his father and an overall positive change in his life.

Question 15

Personality psychologists are currently debating whether young adults in the 21st century are more ________ than previous generations.
A) self-centered and narcissistic
B) depressed and anxious
C) agreeable and happy
D) hardworking and diligent

Accepted Answer

The debate about the narcissism of young adults in the 21st century has gained significant attention in the field of personality psychology. Researchers argue that factors such as social media, increased emphasis on individualism, and self-esteem boosting activities may contribute to increased self-centeredness and narcissism among young adults today.

Question 16

What is the correct order of narrative identity development over the life course,according to Dan McAdams?
A) actor, agent, author
B) author, agent, actor
C) agent, actor, author
D) agent, author, actor

Accepted Answer

According to Dan McAdams, the development of narrative identity over the life course progresses in the order of actor, agent, and author. Initially, individuals see themselves as actors with social roles, then as agents with goals and values, and finally as authors who create their life stories.

Question 17

What is a key strength of longitudinal personality development studies?
A) They are easy and quick to complete.
B) They are not biased by the cohort effect.
C) They are typically high powered with many thousand participants.
D) They are not affected by attrition.

Accepted Answer

Longitudinal personality development studies are not biased by the cohort effect as they follow the same individuals over time instead of comparing different age groups at the same point in time.

Question 18

According to psychologist Ravenna Helson,someone who stays "on time" in relation to their social clock ________.
A) receives social approval
B) feels no different than someone who is "behind"
C) receives social shaming
D) feels as if they have not "lived"

Accepted Answer

According to Helson's research, those who stay on time in relation to their social clock receive social approval. They are seen as being responsible and conforming to societal norms.

Question 19

John is 65 years old.Relative to his personality as a 20-year-old,John has likely ________ in openness to experience.
A) increased
B) stayed pretty much the same
C) decreased
D) increased and then decreased

Accepted Answer

Personality traits tend to become more stable and less flexible with age. Openness to experience is one of the most malleable personality traits and tends to decrease over time. Therefore, it is likely that John has become less open to experience as he has aged.

Question 20

In the last month,Oscar learned to drive and began working at his first job.These new developments are helping him to see himself as an ________.
A) agent
B) actor
C) author
D) artist

Accepted Answer

The answer of In the last month,Oscar learned to drive...

Quiz 7: Personality Stability, Development, and Change

Becoming an author enables you to form a(n) ________.

Personality development is ________.

Maria is in her late 20s and is a manager at an advertising company.According to the text,Maria is following the ________.

According to a classic study,individuals who grew up during the Great Depression had different attitudes regarding work and financial security than those who did not grow up during this time.These findings provide evidence for ________.

A current study is surveying people of different ages in order to understand whether or not individuals' levels of subjective well-being change across the life span.What type of developmental study is this?

According to Dan McAdams,the narrative theme of "agency" organizes the life story around ________.

Ashley has just graduated from law school and in the next few weeks will begin working as a junior partner at a national law firm.Ashley is beginning to see herself as an ________.

According to a recent large-scale cross-sectional study,adolescents around the world in today's age tend to be ________.

Based on personality development research conducted over the last 40 years,what can we conclude regarding William James's claim that personality is "set like plaster" by age 30?

Research suggests that women who follow ________ reported being content and satisfied with life 20 years after graduation.

What is a well-known issue with cross-sectional methodology?

According to recent evidence,results from longitudinal studies and cross-sectional studies about personality traits are ________.

Allen has just begun his first professional job.Allen will most likely display an increase in which trait?

Paul used to abuse alcohol and at his lowest point,his father helped him become sober.Now Paul and his father are closer than they ever have been.Paul's story is an example of a(n) ________ story.

Personality psychologists are currently debating whether young adults in the 21st century are more ________ than previous generations.

What is the correct order of narrative identity development over the life course,according to Dan McAdams?

What is a key strength of longitudinal personality development studies?

According to psychologist Ravenna Helson,someone who stays "on time" in relation to their social clock ________.

John is 65 years old.Relative to his personality as a 20-year-old,John has likely ________ in openness to experience.

In the last month,Oscar learned to drive and began working at his first job.These new developments are helping him to see himself as an ________.