Question 1

What does the acronym P-F-A stand for?
A)Purpose-Format-Assessment
B)Purpose-Focus-Approach
C)Project-Financial-Analysis
D)Program-Functional-Analysis

Accepted Answer

The acronym P-F-A stands for purpose-focus-approach and is a type of strategy that can be used to organize an Internet search.

Question 2

The Spectrum of Universal Intellectual Standards,developed by the Foundation for Critical Thinking,are a set of eleven matched categories of concepts that can be used when developing and sharpening critical-thinking skills.Which of the following are some of these universal intellectual standards? Select all that apply.
A)clear-unclear
B)precise-cloudy
C)specific-vague
D)deep-superficial
E)real-unreal
F)Detaled-general.

Accepted Answer

The Foundation for Critical Thinking defined a number of matched sets of standards that can be used to refine and enhance critical thinking skills.There are eleven matched sets of these intellectual standards: 1)clear-unclear,2)precise-imprecise,3)specific-vague,4)accurate-inaccurate,5)relevant-irrelevant,6)logical-illogical,7)deep-superficial,8)detailed-general,9)significant-insignificant,10)adequate-inadequate,and 11)fair-unfair.

Question 3

Vroom and Yetton (1973)identified nine questions that may help managers to decide when a group decision is called for.Which of the following are some of these questions? Select all that apply.
A)Does the individual have all the information needed?
B)How does this decision impact relationships with internal and external stakeholders?
C)Will the course of action chosen make a difference to the organization?
D)Will the decision promote conflict among the group or individuals?
E)Is it absolutely critical that the individual group accept the decision before its implementation?

Accepted Answer

Some of the nine questions that are useful for nurses when deciding whether to use an individual or group process for decision making are 1)Does the individual have all the information needed? 2)Will the course of action chosen make a difference to the organization? 3)Will the decision promote conflict among the group or individuals? 4)Is it absolutely critical that the individual group accept the decision before its implementation? The questions,How does this decision impact relationships with internal and external stakeholders? and How will the decision influence future choices made by the organization? are a good considerations in certain circumstances,but they are not part of Vroom and Yetton's recommended line of questioning.

Question 4

What mnemonic can be used by nurses to assist in the evaluation of information found on the Internet?
A)PERT
B)ELAPSED
C)FINDIT
D)PLEASED

Accepted Answer

When evaluating information found on the Internet,one mnemonic that can be helpful is to ask oneself,am I PLEASED with the site? This acronym stands for: P = Purpose (what is the author's purpose in developing the site?),L = Links (evaluate the links at the site),E = Editorial (site content),A = Author (who is the author of this site?),S = Site navigation (is the site easy to navigate?),E = Ethical disclosure (is there contact information for the developer and author?),and D = Date site last updated (is the content and information on the site current?).

Question 5

Little-Stoetzel and Fane (2012)identified a decision-making process which is comprised of five specific steps.Which of the following are some of these steps? Select all that apply.
A)identify the need for a decision
B)determine the goal or outcome
C)identify alternative repercussions of said actions and make choices based on these possible problems that may arise
D)decide which action to implement
E)test the action or decision
F)evalute the decision

Accepted Answer

The five steps in the decision-making process as noted by Little-Stoetzel and Fane (2012)are:
1)identify the need for a decision,2)determine the goal or outcome,3)identify alternative actions along with the benefits and consequences of each action,4)decide which action to implement,and finally 5)evaluate the decision.Testing the action or decision and relying solely upon the possible alternative repercussions of the action-without weighing the benefits-are not part of Little-Stoetzel and Fane's five-step decision-making process.

Question 6

Which is not correct regarding the Quality Data Model (QDM)?
A)pertains to quality service delivery and access to care
B)pertains to electronic health record utilization
C)enhances more standardized, less burdensome quality measurement and reporting
D)is an information model

Accepted Answer

The Quality Data Model (QDM)is a quality tool designed by the National Quality Forum as an "information model" to define concepts used in quality measures and clinical care related to the implementation and automation of electronic health record use.The QDM provides a potential for more precisely defined,standardized,less burdensome quality measurement and reporting related to the EHR.

Question 7

Nurse T is about to do a search for evidence-based practice information on chest pain for a project at work.Which of the following is not correct regarding how she can search the evidence for information on this problem?
A)must have a clear clinical question from a patient's problem
B)search for best available evidence relevant to the intervention at hand
C)evaluate the evidence for validity and usefulness before implementing into clinical practice
D)requires some skill on the Internet, but not necessarily being information literate

Accepted Answer

Extracting evidence from the existing literature and research is a required skill for nurses and health care professionals.This requires information literacy and is a part of evidence-based practice (EBP).For Nurse T's search on chest pain,the following guidelines are recommended especially when using Web-based resources and databases: 1)must have a clear clinical question from a patient's problem,2)search for best available evidence relevant to the intervention at hand,and 3)evaluate the evidence for validity and usefulness before implementing into clinical practice.

Question 8

Your manager has asked to do some research on evidence-based best practices for pediatric nursing specific to leukemia that may be incorporated into guidelines for your pediatric oncology unit.Using the P-F-A Internet search technique,which of the following is not one of the questions/search guidelines you might use pertaining to the focus aspect of this Internet search?
A)narrow and technical with research orientation
B)are you preparing information to give to patients or families?
C)lay-oriented or professionally orientated?
D)broad and general (basic information for yourself)?

Accepted Answer

Questions that can be used to help with the focus of a P-F-A (purpose-focus-approach)Internet research search include: 1)broad and general (basic information),2)lay-oriented (to give information to a patient)or professionally orientated (for colleagues),and 3)narrow and technical with a research orientation (Nicoll,2003).Questions that pertain to the purpose aspects of a P-F-A search are as follows: 1)Are you preparing information to give to patients or families? 2)Is it for personal interest? 3)Do you want to obtain information to share with coworkers or a client? 4)Are you verifying information given to you by someone else?

Quiz 4: Decision Making, Critical Thinking, Technology, and Informatics

What does the acronym P-F-A stand for?

Vroom and Yetton (1973) identified nine questions that may help managers to decide when a group decision is called for.Which of the following are some of these questions? Select all that apply.

What mnemonic can be used by nurses to assist in the evaluation of information found on the Internet?

Little-Stoetzel and Fane (2012) identified a decision-making process which is comprised of five specific steps.Which of the following are some of these steps? Select all that apply.

Which is not correct regarding the Quality Data Model (QDM) ?

Nurse T is about to do a search for evidence-based practice information on chest pain for a project at work.Which of the following is not correct regarding how she can search the evidence for information on this problem?