Which of the Following Is NOT a Tenet of a Top-Down

Which of the following is NOT a tenet of a top-down model of reading?

A) A skilled reader goes directly from print to meaning, without transferring the information to speech.
B) Early stages of reading instruction focus on teaching decoding skills, sight words, and connected reading activities to gain meaning.
C) Reading is an active process in which the reader uses background knowledge to gain meaning as the text is read.
D) Only after decoding skills have become automatic can students begin to focus the majority of attention to the meaning of text.