Question 1

To compute Spearman's rho, we________.
A) rank the scores from each variable from high to low.
B) take the difference between each score and the mean.
C) estimate the mean rank squared.
D) ignore all tied scores.

Accepted Answer

Spearman's rho requires ranking the scores from each variable from high to low.

Question 2

In Table 1, support for immigration restriction _________ as education increases.
A) decreases
B) increases
C) moderates
D) weakens

Accepted Answer

The answer of  In Table 1, support for immigration...

Question 3

Scales have been administered to eleven individuals measuring their job satisfaction and the prestige of their occupations. Higher scores indicate greater satisfaction and more prestige. Calculate Spearman's rho and write a sentence or two analyzing the strength and direction of the relationship.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Scales have been administered to eleven individuals...

Question 4

The closer the value of a measure of association is to one,________.
A) the stronger the relationship
B) the more evenly the scores are distributed.
C) the weaker the relationship.
D) the more certain we are that the samples are representative.

Accepted Answer

A value of one indicates a perfect relationship between the variables, meaning that as one variable changes, the other variable changes in a perfectly predictable way. Therefore, the closer the value is to one, the stronger the relationship between the variables.

Question 5

For variables measured at the nominal level, measures of association will have a lower limit of _______ and an upper limit of _______.
A) 0, 100
B) - 1, +1
C) 0, 1
D) 1, 0

Accepted Answer

Nominal level variables are categorical and do not have any order or magnitude associated with them. Therefore, measures of association for nominal level variables will have a lower limit of 0 (indicating no association) and an upper limit of 1 (indicating a perfect association). The choices A, B, and D are incorrect because they do not apply to nominal level variables.

Question 6

If the maximum difference is greater than 30, the relationship is________.
A) strong.
B) moderate.
C) weak.
D) statistically significant.

Accepted Answer

The answer of If the maximum difference is greater than...

Question 7

Phi and Cramer's V would be appropriate as measures of association for variables measured at the________.
A) nominal level
B) ordinal level.
C) interval-ratio level.
D) continuous level.

Accepted Answer

Phi and Cramer's V are appropriate measures of association for variables measured at the nominal level, which is the lowest level of measurement and includes categories that are mutually exclusive and exhaustive.

Question 8

The characteristic(s) of a relationship between two variables that must be analyzed for a full understanding of the relationship is (are)________.
A) the existence of an association.
B) the strength of an association.
C) the direction of an association.
D) All of the answer choices

Accepted Answer

To fully understand a relationship between two variables, we must analyze all three characteristics: if an association exists, the strength of the association, and the direction of the association. Therefore, the best answer is D, as it includes all answer choices.

Question 9

In computing Spearman's rho, the sum of the D column must be________.
A) 1.
B) N.
C) 0.
D) the mean rank squared.

Accepted Answer

The sum of the D column in Spearman's rho must be 0 because the formula for calculating rho is based on deviations from the mean rank. Therefore, the sum of the deviations should cancel out and equal zero. Answers A and D are not correct because they do not correspond to the formula for computing rho. Answer B is also incorrect because the sum of the D column does not depend on the sample size (N) but rather on the deviations from the mean rank.

Question 10

Spearman's rho is appropriate for use with________.
A) continuous ordinal variables.
B) b variables whose categories have been collapsed.
C) tables larger than 2x2.
D) negative relationships only.

Accepted Answer

Spearman's rho is a non-parametric correlation coefficient used for measuring the strength and direction of association between two continuous ordinal variables, making option A the correct choice. It is not necessarily limited to negative relationships only, can be used with tables larger than 2x2, and does not require collapsed categories.

Question 11

"As education increases, income rises." This is an example of a________.
A) non-causal relationship.
B) positive relationship.
C) negative relationship.
D) neutral relationship.

Accepted Answer

A positive relationship means that as one variable increases, the other variable increases as well. In this case, as education increases, income also increases.

Question 12

Table 1 shows a relationship between education and support for a policy to restrict immigration to the United States.  The relationship between education and opposition is:
A) positive.
B) negative.
C) neither a positive nor negative relationship since the variables are measured at the nominal level.
D) None of the answer choices

Accepted Answer

The answer of Table 1 shows a relationship between education...

Question 13

The distribution of scores on the dependent variable for a specific category of the independent variable is called________.
A) associated categories.
B) the distribution correlation.
C) the conditional distribution of Y.
D) the marginal response category.

Accepted Answer

The conditional distribution of Y is specifically referring to the distribution of scores on the dependent variable (Y) within a specific category of the independent variable. Therefore, this is the best choice. The other choices do not accurately describe this concept.

Question 14

Is there an association between support for the legalization of marijuana and age? Calculate percentages and an appropriate measure of association for the table below and write a sentence or two assessing the strength and pattern or direction of the relationship.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Is there an association between support for...

Quiz 12: Bivariate Association for Nominal and Ordinal Level Variables

To compute Spearman's rho, we________.

In Table 1, support for immigration restriction _________ as education increases.

Scales have been administered to eleven individuals measuring their job satisfaction and the prestige of their occupations. Higher scores indicate greater satisfaction and more prestige. Calculate Spearman's rho and write a sentence or two analyzing the strength and direction of the relationship.

The closer the value of a measure of association is to one,________.

For variables measured at the nominal level, measures of association will have a lower limit of _ and an upper limit of _.

If the maximum difference is greater than 30, the relationship is________.

Phi and Cramer's V would be appropriate as measures of association for variables measured at the________.

The characteristic(s) of a relationship between two variables that must be analyzed for a full understanding of the relationship is (are) ________.

In computing Spearman's rho, the sum of the D column must be________.

Spearman's rho is appropriate for use with________.

"As education increases, income rises." This is an example of a________.

Table 1 shows a relationship between education and support for a policy to restrict immigration to the United States. The relationship between education and opposition is:

The distribution of scores on the dependent variable for a specific category of the independent variable is called________.

Is there an association between support for the legalization of marijuana and age? Calculate percentages and an appropriate measure of association for the table below and write a sentence or two assessing the strength and pattern or direction of the relationship.