Question 1

Which hormone affects the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Estrogen has been shown to affect the nervous system, particularly in areas related to cognition, mood, and behavior.

Question 2

The single cell resulting from the union of sperm and egg cells is called ______________________.

Accepted Answer

The single cell resulting from the union of sperm and egg cells is called a zygote. This is the first stage of development for a new organism. A is incorrect because sex chromosomes are the chromosomes that determine an organism's sex, and they are not formed until later in development. C is incorrect because gametes are the sperm and egg cells themselves, not the result of their union. D is incorrect because autosomes are the non-sex chromosomes, and again, they are not formed until later in development.

Question 3

___________ hormone produced by the cells of the testes signals the anterior pituitary to decrease FSH production if the sperm count gets too high.

Accepted Answer

Inhibin is a hormone that is produced by the cells of the testes as well as the ovaries. In males, inhibin acts on the anterior pituitary gland to decrease the production of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) when the sperm count gets too high, which helps to regulate spermatogenesis.

Question 4

_____________ is structured in the shape of a double helix in which all genetic information in an organism is encoded.

Accepted Answer

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is the only molecule among the options that is structured in the shape of a double helix and encodes all genetic information in an organism. Salicylic acid, lactic acid, and benzoic acid are all organic compounds with different functional groups and molecular structures.

Question 5

The division of the nucleus of a cell into two new cells such that each new daughter cell has the same number and kind of chromosomes as the original parent is a process known as ______________________.

Accepted Answer

The process described is mitosis, as it is the division of the nucleus of a cell into two new cells that are genetically identical to the parent cell. Andropause and menopause are related to hormonal changes in males and females respectively, while fertilization involves the union of sperm and egg cells to form a zygote.

Question 6

Which hormone stimulates the development of male sex organs and secondary sex characteristics such as beard growth and a deepening voice?

Accepted Answer

Androgens, such as testosterone, are responsible for the development of male sex organs and secondary sex characteristics.

Question 7

The continuum of possibilities of biological gender, gender identity, gender expression, and sexual orientation is referred to as (the) ______________________.

Accepted Answer

The term used to describe the full range of gender identities and expression is the gender spectrum or gender continuum. The other options, such as cisgenderism, gender binary, and transsexualism, all refer to specific aspects of gender identity and expression that do not encompass the full range of possibilities.

Question 8

Prolactin hormone stimulates milk production after childbirth and also the production of _______.

Accepted Answer

Prolactin hormone stimulates milk production after childbirth and also stimulates the production of progesterone, which is essential for maintaining the pregnancy and for the development of the mammary glands in preparation for lactation.

Question 9

Most hormonal secretions are regulated by the ________.

Accepted Answer

Most hormonal secretions are regulated by the brain, specifically the hypothalamus and the pituitary gland. These two structures work together to control the release of hormones from various glands in the body. The liver, heart, and kidney do play important roles in the body, but they do not regulate hormonal secretions to the extent that the brain does.

Question 10

______ produce most of the estrogen in women.

Accepted Answer

Ovaries are the primary producers of estrogen in women. Sperm is not related to estrogen production, as it is produced in male testes. Zygotes are formed from the fusion of sperm and egg, and do not produce estrogen.

Question 11

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) released by the pituitary gland stimulates ______________________.

Accepted Answer

FSH released by the pituitary gland stimulates follicular development in females and the formation of sperm in males.

Question 12

What is a gender classification system that divides people into two groups male and female?

Accepted Answer

The gender classification system that divides people into two groups male and female is called the gender binary. The other answer choices are not correct as bisexualism refers to sexual orientation, gender diversity refers to a diverse range of gender identities, and gender spectrum refers to the range of gender identities and expressions beyond the traditional binary.

Question 13

All of the following are controlled by estrogen EXCEPT ______________________.

Accepted Answer

Estrogen is a female sex hormone and does not control male sex organs. Testosterone is the male sex hormone responsible for the development and function of male sex organs.

Question 14

Rod-shaped bodies in the nucleus of a cell at the time of cell division that contain information about whether the fetus will become male or female are called ______________________.

Accepted Answer

Sex chromosomes determine the sex of an individual and are present in the nucleus of cells. Autosomes are the non-sex chromosomes, gametes are reproductive cells, and zygotes are the fertilized egg resulting from the fusion of sperm and egg.

Question 15

Which part plays an important role in stimulating sexual desire and is secreted by the testes in men and the ovaries in women?

Accepted Answer

Testosterone is a hormone that plays a significant role in stimulating sexual desire, or libido. Testosterone is secreted by the testes in men and the ovaries and adrenal glands in women. Prolactin and progesterone are hormones that play a role in reproduction, but do not have as direct an effect on sexual desire as testosterone. Luteinizing hormone is a hormone that stimulates ovulation in women and testosterone production in men, but again, testosterone is the hormone most closely linked to sexual desire.

Question 16

Which hormone stimulates ovulation and the release of other hormones, notably progesterone in the female and testosterone in the male?

Accepted Answer

Luteinizing hormone (LH) stimulates ovulation and the release of other hormones, notably progesterone in the female and testosterone in the male.

Question 17

Which gland secretes hormones into the blood?

Accepted Answer

Endocrine glands are responsible for secreting hormones directly into the bloodstream. Adrenal glands, pineal gland, and testes are all examples of endocrine glands. However, only option A specifically refers to an endocrine gland.

Question 18

The chromosome which is heavier and slower but live longer is the ______________________.

Accepted Answer

The X chromosome is larger and contains more genetic material than the Y chromosome. It is also associated with a longer lifespan, as females, who have two copies of the X chromosome, tend to live longer than males.

Question 19

Which hormone works in conjunction with estrogen to prepare the female reproductive system for pregnancy?

Accepted Answer

Progesterone works in conjunction with estrogen to prepare the female reproductive system for pregnancy by thickening the endometrium (lining of the uterus) and preventing ovulation during pregnancy.

Question 20

The union of two gametes, occurring when a haploid sperm and a haploid egg join to produce a diploid zygote containing 46 chromosomes is known as ______________________.

Accepted Answer

Fertilization is the process of fusion of haploid sperm and haploid egg to form a diploid zygote, which contains 46 chromosomes. Menopause is a natural process occurring in women where menstruation stops, and there is a decline in reproductive hormones. Andropause is a decline in testosterone production in men, leading to a decrease in fertility. Mitosis is the process of cell division where a diploid cell divides to form two identical diploid daughter cells. None of these processes involve the fusion of sperm and egg to form a zygote.

Quiz 4: Gender Development, Gender Roles, and Gender Identity