Question 1

Summarize the social changes brought about by industrialization. How did they affect the working lives, living conditions, and family lives of the workers?

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Question 2

Two important factors in industrialization were

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Improved transportation, such as the development of railroads, allowed for faster and more efficient movement of goods and resources, while technological breakthroughs, such as the invention of the steam engine and power loom, revolutionized production and increased efficiency. Both factors were key in the industrialization process.

Question 3

Define the following terms: "Jesus the worker"

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Question 4

What is meant by the industrial transformation, and why did it occur in western Europe?

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Question 5

Define the following terms: friendly societies

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Question 6

Define the following terms: "cult of domesticity"

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Question 7

Increased agricultural production contributed to industrialization primarily

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Increased agricultural production created a surplus of food that could support a larger population, including a growing class of industrial workers. This allowed for industrialization to take place since workers could be fed and the economy was able to sustain a larger workforce.

Question 8

Define the following terms: unionization

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Question 9

Referring to the chapter feature, "The Global Record: Alexis Tocqueville Thoughts on Colonization," how does Tocqueville describe the European sense of themselves when they come in contact with new and non-European cultures?

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Question 10

Define the following terms: bourgeoisie

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Question 11

Apart from the causes that were characteristic of the West as a whole, what combination of factors specific to Britain encouraged or made industrialization possible?

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Question 12

Discuss the development of new industrial technologies, and describe how they changed the traditional organization and conditions of work. What was the most important new invention, and why?

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Question 13

All of the following aided European industrialization except

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An unprecedented decline in the eighteenth-century population would not have aided European industrialization. In fact, a decline in population would have meant a smaller labor force, which could have hindered industrialization.

Question 14

Discuss the progress of industrialization in Germany. What effects did the Napoleonic invasions have on the German economy? What roles were played by the Prussian government and the German middle classes?

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Question 15

Compare the development of industrialization in France with that in Britain. What were some of the reasons that French industrialization grew less rapidly? Which other nations experienced early industrialization, and why?

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Question 16

"Short-term misery, long-term gain." Is this a good capsule summary of the effects of industrialization? Was the brutal treatment and misery of the workers justified by eventual improvement in wages and purchasing power, or were the benefits outweighed by the ruin of petty craftsmen, loss of rural community life, and dehumanizing factory routine? Consider whether industrialization could have occurred in a slower, less disruptive and more humane manner ¾ if, for example, medieval communitarian society with its strong guilds and sense of social justice had survived.

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Question 17

The authors list a number of transformations that favored industrialization in Europe, accompanied it, or both. Make a list of these transformations and show their contributions to industrialization. Try to expand this inventory with other contributing factors omitted in the author's explanation. (Hint: Could the Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment have been contributing factors?) Could it be said that all the major trends in the West beginning at least with the Renaissance contributed to a unique environment conducive for this dramatic breakthrough? If so, show how.

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Question 18

Other characteristics of the West that aided industrialization include

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All of these factors contributed to the growth of industrialization in the West. The development of the rule of law provided a stable and secure environment for business, while cultural, religious, political, and social diversity allowed for a range of ideas and innovations to emerge. Rivalry among states encouraged competition in the marketplace, and governments offered support and protection for new industries. Together, these factors helped create the conditions necessary for the Industrial Revolution to take root and thrive.

Question 19

Define the following terms: Luddites

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Question 20

Summarize the early development of industrial workers' associations. Which events and conditions had weakened the guilds' protection of workers? What were the workers' goals, and how did employers and governments react to their new organizations?

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Quiz 20: The Industrial Transformation of Europe, 1750-1850