In an experiment, a confounding variable is a(n) ____.
A) example of the third-variable problem
B) example of the directionality problem
C) limitation on the ability to manipulate the independent variable
D) threat to internal validity

Question

Quizplus · Accepted Answer

A confounding variable refers to any variable that is not the independent variable but has an effect on the dependent variable, making it difficult to determine if the effect observed is due to the manipulation of the independent variable or the confounding variable. This is a threat to internal validity and can undermine the validity of the experiment.

In an Experiment, a Confounding Variable Is A(n) ____