Question 1

Research indicates that in the United States, different social norms for ________ may be operating in the respective ethnic communities.

Accepted Answer

Research indicates that in the United States, different social norms for role sequencing may be operating in the respective ethnic communities. This means that different cultural groups may have different expectations for the order in which certain roles or life events should occur, such as marriage, starting a family, or career progression. These differences can contribute to misunderstandings and conflicts between ethnic groups.

Question 2

In Maslow's theory, __________  is a motive that urges a person to make optimal use of his/her potential to become   a more effective, creative participant in daily life.

Accepted Answer

Self-actualization is the highest level of Maslow's hierarchy of needs, which involves fulfilling one's potential and striving to become the best version of oneself. It is characterized by creative expression, personal growth, and a sense of fulfillment.

Question 3

The group of people who are roughly the same age during a particular historical period are referred to as a

Accepted Answer

A cohort refers to a group of people who share a common characteristic, such as being roughly the same age during a particular historical period. A clique refers to a small, exclusive group of people within a larger social group, a crowd refers to a large group of people gathered in one place, and a social role refers to the expected behavior of an individual within a particular social group.

Question 4

The pattern of integration and sequencing of phases of work and family life is called the

Accepted Answer

The pattern of integration and sequencing of phases of work and family life is called the life course. The life course includes the different phases of life such as childhood, adolescence, adulthood, and old age, and how individuals navigate through them along with the challenges and opportunities presented by each phase.

Question 5

White's term competence motivation refers to

Accepted Answer

White's term competence motivation refers to behaviors that are motivated by the desire to achieve a sense of mastery or competence. It is not related to conflict with significant others, work-family equilibrium, or cohort changes in early adulthood.

Question 6

What is an essential process that promotes growth in Rogers' theory of personality development?

Accepted Answer

According to Rogers' theory of personality development, experiencing and accepting the authentic self is an essential process that promotes growth. This involves acknowledging and accepting one's true feelings, thoughts, and experiences, even if they may be difficult or uncomfortable. It is only by doing so that an individual can fully understand themselves and work towards becoming their best self. Therefore, option D is the best choice.

Question 7

How do life roles change in adulthood?

Accepted Answer

Adulthood typically involves taking on multiple roles such as being a parent, employee, spouse/partner, caregiver, and community member. These roles can become increasingly complex as responsibilities and expectations increase. As people age, they may also experience role loss (e.g., retirement, children leaving home) but they can also gain new roles (e.g., grandparent, mentor).

Question 8

Social roles are often associated with other ______ roles, such as parent and child or teacher and student.

Accepted Answer

Social roles are often interconnected and can involve reciprocal relationships between individuals, such as parent-child or teacher-student. Marginal roles are less central to society and transitory roles are temporary. Childhood is not a type of social role.

Question 9

According to Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs, which of the following is most likely to be considered Samuel's first or primary human motive?

Accepted Answer

According to Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs, the most basic and fundamental motive for humans is physiological needs, such as food, water, and shelter. These needs must be met before an individual can progress to higher-level needs such as safety, esteem, and self-actualization. Therefore, it is likely that Samuel's primary motive is to meet his physiological needs.

Question 10

Which of the following would be considered a developmental task of early adulthood?

Accepted Answer

Exploring intimate relationships is a developmental task of early adulthood, as individuals in this age group are typically focused on forming close and intimate connections with romantic partners. Establishing a sense of self, believing in giving back to future generations, and establishing a sense of independence are also important developmental tasks, but are typically associated with different stages of development.

Question 11

Why is the idea of a cohort important in the study of development?

Accepted Answer

The idea of a cohort is important in the study of development because different cohorts experience distinct historical and cultural events that can influence their development. For example, individuals born before versus after the invention of the internet may have different access to technology, which could impact their cognitive and social development. Additionally, cohorts may be exposed to different stressors such as war or economic hardship, which can also impact their development. Therefore, considering the cohort is important for understanding how development is influenced by factors beyond individual biology and psychology.

Question 12

According to Elder, what are likely to be two central organizing features of Frederica's life course?

Accepted Answer

Elder's life course perspective emphasizes the importance of understanding the trajectories and transitions that shape individuals' lives across their lifespan. Frederica's life course is likely to be organized around these two central features.

Question 13

In the work trajectory, getting hired, being promoted, and retirement are examples of

Accepted Answer

The work trajectory involves various life course transitions, which are major milestones or events that mark significant changes in one's life course such as getting hired, being promoted and retirement. Self-actualization and autonomy are individual factors that may influence one's work trajectory while role conflict is a work-related stressor that may arise during the work trajectory.

Question 14

In adulthood, one's beliefs and goals guide the nature of one's actions. Then actions create a context for the revision of one's goals. This process illustrates which of the following ideas?

Accepted Answer

The process described in the statement illustrates the bidirectional nature of development, which refers to the fact that development is influenced by both the individual's actions and their environment, and that development in turn shapes the individual's environment and subsequent actions.

Question 15

According to fulfillment theory, psychological growth is accomplished through what mechanism?

Accepted Answer

According to fulfillment theory, psychological growth is accomplished through setting goals and achieving them. This process helps individuals develop a sense of competence and self-efficacy, which contributes to their overall well-being and fulfillment.

Question 16

Often, the decision to marry is a response to

Accepted Answer

The social clock refers to societal expectations and norms regarding when people should get married, have children and reach other life milestones. Many people feel pressured to get married by a certain age, and may make the decision to do so based on these external factors rather than their own individual desires or needs.

Question 17

What is likely to happen during Juanita's adulthood with respect to her life roles?

Accepted Answer

According to Erikson's theory, during adulthood, individuals strive to achieve a sense of generativity, which involves actively engaging in multiple life roles, such as being a partner, parent, employee, and community member. Therefore, it is likely that Juanita's number of roles will increase during her adulthood.

Question 18

Michelle graduated from high school last month and is now preparing for her freshmen year in college. Michelle's preparation for her first year in college is an example of which of the following life course terms?

Accepted Answer

The term "transition" refers to a specific life course concept where an individual moves from one social or cultural context to another, such as from high school to college. Michelle's preparation for her first year in college fits within this concept. The other answer choices are not as fitting: social clock refers to societal expectations about when certain life events should occur, social dimension refers to the social context of an individual's life, and trajectory refers to the long-term path of an individual's life events.

Question 19

Which of the following statements is one of the results of research by Ryff, Keyes, & Hughes on psychological well-being in midlife?

Accepted Answer

The research by Ryff, Keyes, & Hughes found that minority status is associated with many indicators of strength for both men and women, such as resilience and coping skills. This suggests that being a minority group member does not necessarily have negative effects on psychological well-being in midlife. Option A is incorrect because the study did not find that minority status is associated with negative outcomes for both genders. Option B is also incorrect because the study did not specifically examine the effects of perceived discrimination on men's psychological well-being. Finally, option D is incorrect because the study found differences in well-being between minority and majority group members.

Question 20

Which term refers to social consensus about the period of life when one should assume or leave certain roles?

Accepted Answer

The term referring to social consensus about the period of life when one should assume or leave certain roles is known as the social clock. The social clock refers to the culturally preferred timing of major life events such as marriage, parenthood, and retirement. Norm of reciprocity refers to the expectation of mutual exchange in social relationships, homogamy refers to the tendency for people to marry others who are similar to themselves, and self-disclosure refers to the act of sharing personal information with others.

Quiz 11: Early Adulthood 24 to 34 Years Angel