Question 1

Treating offenders in the community is a relatively new idea dating back to post World War II.

Accepted Answer

Community-based treatments and alternatives to incarceration have been practiced in various forms for centuries, with formal systems evolving significantly in the 19th century.

Question 2

A sentence delaying conviction on a guilty plea until after probation is served is a:

Accepted Answer

A deferred sentence is when a judge delays the decision on a guilty plea until after the defendant successfully completes a period of probation. Once probation is completed, the judge decides whether to proceed with the conviction or dismiss the case altogether.

Question 3

In the mid 19th century, probation began with the volunteer services of John Howard in Massachusetts.

Accepted Answer

Probation began with the volunteer services of John Augustus, not John Howard, in Massachusetts in the mid-19th century.

Question 4

The majority of people convicted of sex offenses are placed on probation, and many never set foot inside a jail or prison.

Accepted Answer

The majority of people convicted of sex offenses are placed on probation, which means they do not go to jail or prison.

Question 5

Deferred prosecution programs appear to be a good option for most first offenders because they avoid the stigma of a criminal record and reduce the volume of persons going through the criminal justice process.

Accepted Answer

Deferred prosecution programs allow for first-time offenders to avoid a criminal record and reduce the strain on the criminal justice system.

Question 6

One major purpose of community corrections acts is to encourage state imprisonment in lieu of local sentencing options.

Accepted Answer

The purpose of community corrections acts is to provide alternatives to incarceration, such as probation, parole, and community service, in order to reduce the number of people in prison and promote rehabilitation and reintegration into society. These alternatives are meant to be used in conjunction with, not in place of, local sentencing options.

Question 7

In some states, juries may also recommend probation if the case meets legally regulated criteria.

Accepted Answer

Some states allow juries to recommend probation for certain cases that meet specified legal requirements. However, the final decision regarding probation is typically up to the judge.

Question 8

True diversion takes place when an offender is referred to a program, and the completion of which will enable him or her to avoid criminal prosecution.

Accepted Answer

This statement accurately describes the concept of diversion in the criminal justice system.

Question 9

Recidivism rises as probation caseload size ____________________ .

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that as probation caseload size increases, the quality of supervision decreases and the likelihood of recidivism increases. Therefore, the best choice is A, as increasing caseload size correlates with a rise in recidivism.

Question 10

Probationers account for less than 50 % of the correctional growth since 1990.

Accepted Answer

According to the Bureau of Justice Statistics, probationers accounted for 28% of the correctional population growth between 1990 and 2016. Therefore, probationers account for less than 50% of the correctional growth since 1990.

Question 11

Disclosure of PSI report to defense counsel in a death penalty case was held permissible by which U.S. Supreme Court case?

Accepted Answer

The U.S. Supreme Court case that held the disclosure of PSI report to defense counsel in a death penalty case permissible is Gardner v. Florida.

Question 12

Suspending the remainder of a sentence after serving a period of time in prison is:

Accepted Answer

Suspending the remainder of a sentence after serving a period of time in prison is known as shock probation. Bench probation refers to probation that is imposed immediately after a guilty verdict is announced. Deferred probation is when the court delays sentencing while the offender completes a period of probation. Split probation is when a defendant is sentenced to serve a portion of their sentence in prison, and then the remainder is served on probation.

Question 13

Deferred prosecution programs have focused on persons suffering from alcohol, drug, or mental health problems who can ask permission of the court to go through an intensive treatment program in lieu of being prosecuted.

Accepted Answer

Deferred prosecution programs typically target individuals with substance abuse and mental health issues and offer them the opportunity to participate in treatment programs as an alternative to prosecution.

Question 14

In ____________________ , the U.S. Supreme Court held that probationers have fewer constitutional protections than the general public and specifically that their homes can be searched without a warrant.

Accepted Answer

In Griffin v. Wisconsin, the U.S. Supreme Court held that probationers have fewer constitutional protections than the general public and that their homes can be searched without a warrant.

Question 15

A type of probation in which the probationer is not supervised is:

Accepted Answer

Bench probation, also known as court probation, is a type of probation in which the judge does not assign a probation officer to supervise the probationer. Instead, the probationer is responsible for meeting the conditions of probation on their own without regular check-ins or meetings with a probation officer. This type of probation is typically reserved for misdemeanor offenses or cases where the probationer has a low risk of reoffending.

Question 16

A sentence requiring an offender to serve time in jail or prison before a probation placement is known as a:

Accepted Answer

A split sentence refers to a sentence where an offender is required to serve a period of time in jail or prison before being placed on probation.

Question 17

Intensive supervised probation (ISP) was created and first implemented in 1982 in the state of:

Accepted Answer

Intensive supervised probation was first created and implemented in 1982 in the state of Georgia. This type of probation involves intense supervision and monitoring of offenders by probation officers, typically involving daily check-ins, drug testing, and curfews. It is often used as an alternative to incarceration for non-violent offenders.

Question 18

TASC, or Team-administered sexual comprehension, programs, are aimed at treating sexual predators for reintegration back into society.

Accepted Answer

TASC programs are actually Team-Administered Sex Offender-Specific Treatment Programs, which are aimed at treating and rehabilitating convicted sex offenders to reduce their risk of reoffending. The focus is on changing their behavior and addressing underlying issues that may have contributed to their offenses. It is not specifically for reintegration back into society, but rather for reducing the risk of further harm to society.

Question 19

A major report required of a probation officer is used at the time of sentencing by the judge is known as the:

Accepted Answer

A presentence investigation report (PSI) is a detailed report prepared by a probation officer that provides the judge with important information about the defendant's background, criminal history, and any other relevant factors that may be used in determining an appropriate sentence. The PSI is used by the judge to make an informed decision about sentencing and can have a significant impact on the outcome of the case. The other options listed are not commonly used or recognized terms in the probation and sentencing process.

Question 20

Courts in states with determinate sentencing typically use probation more frequently than do courts in states with indeterminate sentencing.

Accepted Answer

This is because determinate sentencing usually involves fixed and more severe sentences, so judges may be more likely to offer probation as an alternative to incarceration. In contrast, indeterminate sentencing often involves more flexibility in sentencing, which may make judges less inclined to offer probation as frequently.

Quiz 3: Community Corrections: Diversion and Probation