Question 1

The best example of metamemory would involve knowing that

Accepted Answer

Metamemory refers to one's knowledge and awareness of their own memory processes. Knowing that a 10-word list of unfamiliar foreign words will be harder to recall than a 20-word list of familiar words demonstrates an understanding of how memory works and reflects metamemory. Choices A, C, and D do not relate specifically to memory processes.

Question 2

The first memory strategy acquired by most children is

Accepted Answer

Rehearsal, or the repetition of information in order to keep it in short-term memory, is typically the first memory strategy children acquire. This is often seen in young children repeating phone numbers or names in order to try to remember them. Chunking and abstraction require a higher level of cognitive processing and are typically developed later. Verbal elaboration, or the addition of more detailed descriptions or associations to information, is also a more advanced strategy.

Question 3

Which provides the best example of cognitive self-regulation?

Accepted Answer

Cognitive self-regulation refers to the ability of an individual to control their own thoughts, attention, and behavior in order to achieve a desired goal. Choosing to use flashcards as a memorization technique is an example of cognitive self-regulation, as the individual is making a conscious decision to use a specific strategy to achieve a goal (memorizing vocabulary terms). The other options do not necessarily involve conscious regulation of one's own cognitive processes.

Question 4

When asked to describe his specialization, Oscar says, "I am mainly interested in developing ways of measuring intelligence and personality factors." Given this description, Oscar is most likely a

Accepted Answer

Psychometricians specialize in developing ways of measuring intelligence and personality factors through the use of tests and other assessment tools.

Question 5

Donovan is really into football and is able to remember all of the professional teams because he has mentally sorted them by division. This indicates that Donavan is using ____ to help him recall the information.

Accepted Answer

Donovan is using organization as a memory technique by mentally sorting the professional football teams by division. This helps him recall the information more easily.

Question 6

Tyree is extremely good at identifying the motivations and intentions of the people he meets. According to Gardner, Tyree would most likely score very well on a test of ____ intelligence.

Accepted Answer

Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences includes interpersonal intelligence, which refers to the ability to understand and interact effectively with others. Tyree's skill of identifying motivations and intentions of others would fall under this category.

Question 7

____ are key elements of effective metacognitive knowledge.

Accepted Answer

Goal selection and strategy monitoring are key elements of effective metacognitive knowledge as they involve the ability to set specific goals for oneself and to monitor one's own learning strategies, making adjustments as necessary to achieve those goals. Egocentrism, convergent thinking, centration, animism, divergent thinking, and a lack of object permanence are cognitive processes that are not specifically related to metacognitive knowledge.

Question 8

During ____ information is always embellished.

Accepted Answer

Elaboration refers to the process of adding more details or information to a piece of information that one wants to remember. During this process, a person might add their own interpretations or personal connections to the information, which can sometimes lead to embellishment. Rehearsal, metacognition, and combinatorial reasoning do not necessarily involve embellishment of information.

Question 9

Who is best associated with a theory of "multiple intelligences?"

Accepted Answer

Howard Gardner is best associated with the theory of multiple intelligences, which proposes that there are different types of intelligence beyond just the traditional IQ measure.

Question 10

Metamemory is defined as an individual's

Accepted Answer

Metamemory refers to an individual's awareness and understanding of their own memory processes, including their strengths and weaknesses, the strategies they use, and their confidence in their memory abilities. It is not related to other types of memory, such as semantic memory, sensory memory, or short-term memory capacity.

Question 11

Theresa has just come to realize that in order to learn, she must focus her attention on her teacher, not her classmates. This indicates an advance in Theresa's ____ skills.

Accepted Answer

Metacognitive knowledge refers to the ability to understand one's own thought processes and how to control them. Theresa's realization that focusing on her teacher leads to better learning suggests an understanding of her own attention and how it affects her learning.

Question 12

Tiffany is an infant who has acquired hope. Which crisis of psychosocial development has she successfully resolved? ​

Accepted Answer

The crisis of basic trust versus mistrust occurs during the first year of life, and if the baby is able to form a sense of basic trust in their caregivers and the world around them, they have successfully resolved this crisis. This involves feeling secure and loved, and having their basic needs met, which allows the infant to develop a sense of hope and optimism about the world. Therefore, Tiffany has successfully resolved the crisis of basic trust versus mistrust.

Question 13

Elmer has discovered that in order to be successful in college, he must both pay attention to his instructor and take good notes. If Elmer is successful at engaging in both of these behaviors, he is demonstrating effective

Accepted Answer

Cognitive self-regulation refers to the ability to monitor and control one's own cognitive processes, such as attention and note-taking, in order to achieve a goal. Elmer's success in college through paying attention and taking good notes demonstrates effective cognitive self-regulation.

Question 14

If a person believes in "general intelligence," then he or she believes that

Accepted Answer

Believing in general intelligence means that an individual believes that some people are inherently smart, regardless of the situation or task. This is because general intelligence theory posits that there is a single intelligence factor that contributes to performance on a variety of cognitive tasks.

Question 15

Francisco is having a hard time remembering that Madison is the capital of Wisconsin. He also knows that his father will be upset if Francisco flunks his test of state capitals. Suddenly, Francisco sees a connection between these two events and realizes that he can recall the capital of Wisconsin by remembering that his dad will be mad at him if he can't remember (mad at son = Madison). In this example, Francisco is clearly using ____ to aid in his memory.

Accepted Answer

Francisco is using elaboration, which involves creating meaningful connections between new information and existing knowledge or experiences, to aid in his memory. He is connecting the word "Madison" with the concept of his dad being mad at him as a way to remember the state capital of Wisconsin. This is an example of elaborative rehearsal, which is a more effective memory strategy than simple repetition (choice A) or concentration (choice B). Irreversibility (choice D) is not relevant to this scenario.

Question 16

Which best describes the hierarchical view of intelligence?

Accepted Answer

The hierarchical view of intelligence includes general intelligence as well as broader categories of intelligence (such as fluid and crystallized intelligence) and specific skills (such as spatial reasoning and verbal comprehension). Therefore, option D, which includes all three levels, is the best answer.

Question 17

Thurstone and Thurstone (1941)identified seven distinct abilities that they believed formed the basis of intelligence. One of these abilities was

Accepted Answer

Thurstone and Thurstone identified perceptual speed, not musical ability, interpersonal intelligence or "street smarts," as one of the seven distinct abilities that formed the basis of intelligence.

Question 18

Long-term memory is to working memory as

Accepted Answer

Long-term memory is the storage of information over an extended period of time, while working memory refers to the short-term storage and manipulation of information. Permanent is to temporary in the sense that long-term memory is relatively permanent, while working memory is temporary and constantly changing. None of the other options accurately capture the relationship between long-term memory and working memory.

Question 19

Which behavior is LEAST associated of a cognitive self-regulation process?

Accepted Answer

Relying on the same strategies one used in third grade for a sixth grade social studies test is not associated with cognitive self-regulation as it shows a lack of adaptability and flexibility in adjusting one's strategies to meet new and more complex demands. The other options (selecting effective strategies, identifying goals, monitoring one's own learning) involve deliberate planning, reflection, and adjustment of cognitive processes to achieve learning goals, which are central to cognitive self-regulation.

Question 20

Bea has tremendous insight into "deep" questions like, "Why are we born to die?" According to Gardner, Bea would rate high on a scale of ____ intelligence.

Accepted Answer

Bea's ability to consider existential questions suggests that she possesses high levels of existential intelligence.

Quiz 6: Off to School: Cognitive and Physical Development in Middle Childhood

The best example of metamemory would involve knowing that

The first memory strategy acquired by most children is

Which provides the best example of cognitive self-regulation?

When asked to describe his specialization, Oscar says, "I am mainly interested in developing ways of measuring intelligence and personality factors." Given this description, Oscar is most likely a

Donovan is really into football and is able to remember all of the professional teams because he has mentally sorted them by division. This indicates that Donavan is using ____ to help him recall the information.

Tyree is extremely good at identifying the motivations and intentions of the people he meets. According to Gardner, Tyree would most likely score very well on a test of ____ intelligence.

____ are key elements of effective metacognitive knowledge.

During ____ information is always embellished.

Who is best associated with a theory of "multiple intelligences?"

Metamemory is defined as an individual's

Theresa has just come to realize that in order to learn, she must focus her attention on her teacher, not her classmates. This indicates an advance in Theresa's ____ skills.

Tiffany is an infant who has acquired hope. Which crisis of psychosocial development has she successfully resolved?

Elmer has discovered that in order to be successful in college, he must both pay attention to his instructor and take good notes. If Elmer is successful at engaging in both of these behaviors, he is demonstrating effective

If a person believes in "general intelligence," then he or she believes that

Which best describes the hierarchical view of intelligence?

Thurstone and Thurstone (1941) identified seven distinct abilities that they believed formed the basis of intelligence. One of these abilities was

Long-term memory is to working memory as

Which behavior is LEAST associated of a cognitive self-regulation process?

Bea has tremendous insight into "deep" questions like, "Why are we born to die?" According to Gardner, Bea would rate high on a scale of ____ intelligence.

Quiz 6: Off to School: Cognitive and Physical Development in Middle Childhood

The best example of metamemory would involve knowing that

The first memory strategy acquired by most children is

Which provides the best example of cognitive self-regulation?

When asked to describe his specialization, Oscar says, "I am mainly interested in developing ways of measuring intelligence and personality factors." Given this description, Oscar is most likely a

Donovan is really into football and is able to remember all of the professional teams because he has mentally sorted them by division. This indicates that Donavan is using ____ to help him recall the information.

Tyree is extremely good at identifying the motivations and intentions of the people he meets. According to Gardner, Tyree would most likely score very well on a test of ____ intelligence.

____ are key elements of effective metacognitive knowledge.

During ____ information is always embellished.

Who is best associated with a theory of "multiple intelligences?"

Metamemory is defined as an individual's

Theresa has just come to realize that in order to learn, she must focus her attention on her teacher, not her classmates. This indicates an advance in Theresa's ____ skills.

Tiffany is an infant who has acquired hope. Which crisis of psychosocial development has she successfully resolved? ​

Elmer has discovered that in order to be successful in college, he must both pay attention to his instructor and take good notes. If Elmer is successful at engaging in both of these behaviors, he is demonstrating effective

If a person believes in "general intelligence," then he or she believes that

Which best describes the hierarchical view of intelligence?

Thurstone and Thurstone (1941) identified seven distinct abilities that they believed formed the basis of intelligence. One of these abilities was

Long-term memory is to working memory as

Which behavior is LEAST associated of a cognitive self-regulation process?

Bea has tremendous insight into "deep" questions like, "Why are we born to die?" According to Gardner, Bea would rate high on a scale of ____ intelligence.

Tiffany is an infant who has acquired hope. Which crisis of psychosocial development has she successfully resolved?