Question 1

Jackie is playing a game in which she has to answer questions regarding the meaning of 10 random words. This sort of game would be most challenging to Jackie's ​
A)implicit memory.
B)episodic memory.
C)semantic memory.
D)selective attention.

Accepted Answer

Semantic memory involves the recall of facts and general knowledge, such as the meanings of words. This type of memory is being tested in this game, as Jackie has to remember the meanings of 10 random words. Implicit memory involves the unconscious recall of information, such as how to ride a bike or play a musical instrument, and would not be relevant in this scenario. Episodic memory involves the recall of personal experiences and events, which is also not relevant in this scenario. Selective attention involves the ability to focus on important information while ignoring distractions, which may be important in some games or situations, but is not directly related to the task Jackie is completing.

Question 2

In order to find a ballpark in a strange town, a player stops at a local gas station to get directions. The attendant tells the player, "Go to the stoplight, take a right, go two blocks, take a left, and the park will be a mile down the road on the left." The player then gets in her car and tries to remember the directions while driving to the park. The player is demonstrating the use of ​
A)working memory.
B)psychomotor speed.
C)cross-linking.
D)transient ischemia.

Accepted Answer

The player is using working memory to hold and manipulate the directions given by the attendant while driving to the park. Working memory involves the active maintenance and manipulation of information in short-term memory.

Question 3

As Dr. Hallen is interested in ____, she does research in which she always measures the reaction times of her subjects. ​
A)neurofibrillary tangles
B)selective attention
C)psychomotor speed
D)implicit memory

Accepted Answer

Dr. Hallen's interest in measuring reaction times suggests that she is studying psychomotor speed, which refers to the speed at which a person can process and respond to a stimulus or task. Options A, B, and D are not directly related to the measurement of reaction times.

Question 4

You would expect the greatest differences between older and younger adults on tasks assessing ____ memory. ​
A)implicit
B)semantic
C)episodic
D)procedural

Accepted Answer

Episodic memory involves the recall of personal experiences and past events, and research has consistently shown that it declines with age. Implicit, semantic, and procedural memory are more stable across the lifespan.

Question 5

In preparing for a date in court, Angeline commits to memory the details of the case. This sort of conscious preparation and remembering of information is an example of ____ memory. ​
A)implicit
B)sensory
C)working
D)explicit

Accepted Answer

Explicit memory involves consciously remembering factual information such as events, facts, or people. This is exactly what Angeline is doing by committing the details of the case to memory for her court date. Sensory memory involves briefly storing sensory information such as sights or sounds. Working memory involves holding and manipulating information in the mind for a brief period of time. Implicit memory involves automatic processing of information without conscious awareness.

Question 6

Psychomotor slowing is a good predictor of cognitive performance in older adulthood ​
A)for all tasks.
B)only on tasks that require little effort.
C)only on tasks that require great effort.
D)only on tasks that tap into episodic memory.

Accepted Answer

Psychomotor slowing refers to a decrease in speed of physical movements and is commonly observed in older adults. While it can affect performance on a variety of tasks, it is especially impactful on tasks that require a higher level of effort, such as complex problem solving or mental arithmetic. Therefore, the answer is B - psychomotor slowing is a good predictor of cognitive performance on tasks that require little effort.

Question 7

Gina is recalling the time last year that she hiked up a big hill in the rain with a group of her friends. This memory would be best described as a(n)____ memory. ​
A)implicit
B)vigilance
C)semantic
D)episodic

Accepted Answer

Episodic memory refers to our ability to recall firsthand experiences that are tied to particular times and places. In this case, Gina is recalling a specific event from the past, making it an episodic memory.

Question 8

The key characteristic of an explicit memory is that it is ​
A)naughty.
B)false.
C)not tied to a specific time.
D)deliberate.

Accepted Answer

Explicit memory refers to the intentional and conscious act of recalling past events, facts, or information. Therefore, it is deliberate as individuals make an effort to remember and store information.

Question 9

Who is most likely to develop cancer within the next year? ​
A)Jadwiga, who is 43 years old
B)Cristina, who is 58 years old
C)Chun, who is 73 years old
D)Efra, who is 88 years old

Accepted Answer

The risk of developing cancer generally increases with age, making Efra, who is 88 years old, the most likely to develop cancer within the next year.

Question 10

If older adults practice making quick responses, reaction times ​
A)can be eliminated.
B)can be reduced.
C)will remain the same.
D)will actually be increased.

Accepted Answer

With practice, reaction times can be improved, meaning they will become faster and thus reduced. However, it’s unlikely that they can be completely eliminated.

Question 11

Concerning memory, implicit is to explicit as ​
A)fact is to fiction.
B)unconscious is to intentional.
C)events are to people.
D)divided is to selective.

Accepted Answer

Implicit memory is unconscious and automatic, while explicit memory requires intentional effort to recall. Therefore, the relationship between implicit and explicit memory can be likened to the relationship between unconscious and intentional.

Question 12

If you were taking a test to assess your episodic memory, what question would you be least likely to be asked? ​
A)"What did you do on your last birthday?"
B)"Where were you on the 4th of July?"
C)"What happened the last time you went to the movies?"
D)"What is the capital of New Jersey?"

Accepted Answer

The question about the capital of New Jersey does not pertain to episodic memory, which involves recalling personal experiences and events. Questions A-C are all related to personal experiences and thus would be more likely to be asked in an episodic memory test.

Question 13

When older adults are asked to respond to an ambiguous question, you can expect ​
A)slower response rates.
B)mostly incorrect answers.
C)pseudodementia.
D)accurate and speedy responses.

Accepted Answer

Older adults may take longer to process information and respond, leading to slower response rates when asked to answer ambiguous questions.

Question 14

If you want to determine whether 80-year-old Maggie's brain is active while she is reading, you should use ​
A)magnetic resonance imaging.
B)positron emission tomography.
C)functional MRI.
D)a psychomotor test.

Accepted Answer

Functional MRI (fMRI) is the best choice for determining brain activation while reading. fMRI produces images of brain activity by measuring changes in blood flow, which indicates neural activity in specific regions of the brain. This is a safe and non-invasive technique that has been used in many studies of language and reading comprehension in older adults. A and B are also imaging techniques that can measure brain activity, but fMRI has higher spatial resolution and is better suited for studying cognitive processes like reading. D, a psychomotor test, is not directly related to measuring brain activity while reading.

Question 15

Which is not one of the key functional areas assessed on the AAA Roadwise Review: A Tool to Help Seniors Drive Safely Longer ? ​
A)Leg strength
B)Head flexibility
C)Visual search
D)Hearing high-pitched sounds

Accepted Answer

The key functional areas assessed on the AAA Roadwise Review are leg strength, head flexibility, visual search, information processing, reaction time, and range of motion. Hearing high-pitched sounds is not included in the assessment.

Question 16

The Useful Field of View measure does an excellent job of assessing
A)an individual's IQ.
B)one's risk for Alzheimer's disease.
C)the type of skills necessary to drive.
D)working memory.

Accepted Answer

The Useful Field of View measure is specifically designed to assess the type of skills necessary to drive, such as visual processing speed, divided attention, and selective attention. It does not measure IQ, Alzheimer's risk, or working memory.

Question 17

The process of simultaneously holding and using information to solve a problem relies most heavily on ____ memory. ​
A)working
B)long-term
C)sensory
D)implicit

Accepted Answer

The process of holding and using information simultaneously to solve a problem is called working memory. Working memory is responsible for temporarily holding and manipulating information in the mind while performing cognitive tasks. Hence, the answer is A)working. Long-term memory stores information for a longer duration, sensory memory is responsible for capturing and processing sensory information, and implicit memory is related to unconscious memory formation and retrieval.

Question 18

When Judy is asked, "What's 2 + 2?" the answer just seems to pop into her head. This is an example of ​
A)implicit memory.
B)attentional control.
C)cross-linking.
D)explicit memory.

Accepted Answer

Implicit memory refers to the automatic, unconscious retrieval of previously learned information without conscious effort or awareness. Judy's ability to quickly recall the answer to a simple math problem without much conscious effort suggests the use of implicit memory.

Question 19

What is the name of the disease that occurs when there is above-normal sugar in the blood and urine caused by problems in metabolizing carbohydrates? ​
A)Diabetic retinopathy
B)Presbycusis
C)Diabetes mellitus
D)Pancreatic cancer

Accepted Answer

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease in which the body is unable to properly metabolize carbohydrates, leading to above-normal levels of sugar (glucose) in the blood and urine. It is a condition that requires ongoing management and can result in serious health complications if left untreated. Diabetic retinopathy is a condition that can occur as a complication of diabetes and affects the eyes, while presbycusis is a gradual loss of hearing that occurs as a person ages. Pancreatic cancer is a type of cancer that can affect the pancreas, but it is not directly related to the metabolism of carbohydrates.

Question 20

The only universal behavior change in aging that has been discovered is the fact that older adults ​
A)show improvements in vigilance.
B)exhibit dysphoria.
C)lose autobiographical memories.
D)have slower reaction times.

Accepted Answer

Research has consistently shown that one of the primary changes in cognition that occurs with aging is a decline in processing speed, which translates to slower reaction times. This is a universal change that occurs across virtually all individuals as they age. While there may be individual differences in the extent of this decline, it is a reliable and robust finding in the literature. Option A is incorrect as vigilance may decline with aging. Option B is incorrect as dysphoria is not a universal behavior change in aging. Option C is incorrect as not all older adults lose autobiographical memory.

Quiz 14: The Personal Context of Later Life: Physical, Cognitive, and Mental Health Issues

Jackie is playing a game in which she has to answer questions regarding the meaning of 10 random words. This sort of game would be most challenging to Jackie's

As Dr. Hallen is interested in ____, she does research in which she always measures the reaction times of her subjects.

You would expect the greatest differences between older and younger adults on tasks assessing ____ memory.

In preparing for a date in court, Angeline commits to memory the details of the case. This sort of conscious preparation and remembering of information is an example of ____ memory.

Psychomotor slowing is a good predictor of cognitive performance in older adulthood

Gina is recalling the time last year that she hiked up a big hill in the rain with a group of her friends. This memory would be best described as a(n) ____ memory.

The key characteristic of an explicit memory is that it is

Who is most likely to develop cancer within the next year?

If older adults practice making quick responses, reaction times

Concerning memory, implicit is to explicit as

If you were taking a test to assess your episodic memory, what question would you be least likely to be asked?

When older adults are asked to respond to an ambiguous question, you can expect

If you want to determine whether 80-year-old Maggie's brain is active while she is reading, you should use

Which is not one of the key functional areas assessed on the AAA Roadwise Review: A Tool to Help Seniors Drive Safely Longer ?

The Useful Field of View measure does an excellent job of assessing

The process of simultaneously holding and using information to solve a problem relies most heavily on ____ memory.

When Judy is asked, "What's 2 + 2?" the answer just seems to pop into her head. This is an example of

What is the name of the disease that occurs when there is above-normal sugar in the blood and urine caused by problems in metabolizing carbohydrates?

The only universal behavior change in aging that has been discovered is the fact that older adults

Quiz 14: The Personal Context of Later Life: Physical, Cognitive, and Mental Health Issues

Jackie is playing a game in which she has to answer questions regarding the meaning of 10 random words. This sort of game would be most challenging to Jackie's ​

As Dr. Hallen is interested in ____, she does research in which she always measures the reaction times of her subjects. ​

You would expect the greatest differences between older and younger adults on tasks assessing ____ memory. ​

In preparing for a date in court, Angeline commits to memory the details of the case. This sort of conscious preparation and remembering of information is an example of ____ memory. ​

Psychomotor slowing is a good predictor of cognitive performance in older adulthood ​

Gina is recalling the time last year that she hiked up a big hill in the rain with a group of her friends. This memory would be best described as a(n) ____ memory. ​

The key characteristic of an explicit memory is that it is ​

Who is most likely to develop cancer within the next year? ​

If older adults practice making quick responses, reaction times ​

Concerning memory, implicit is to explicit as ​

If you were taking a test to assess your episodic memory, what question would you be least likely to be asked? ​

When older adults are asked to respond to an ambiguous question, you can expect ​

If you want to determine whether 80-year-old Maggie's brain is active while she is reading, you should use ​

Which is not one of the key functional areas assessed on the AAA Roadwise Review: A Tool to Help Seniors Drive Safely Longer ? ​