Question 1

Suppose the following four students are studying for Monday's short-answer and essay-response exam. Based on their study strategies, which of the following students is MOST likely to remember course material on the final exam?
A) Ariel, who created acronyms for key terms.
B) Brianne, who consciously applied course content to her life.
C) Carmen, who read the textbook for the past three weeks.
D) Davida who began studying Sunday night.

Accepted Answer

Brianne's strategy of consciously applying course content to her life is likely to help her remember the material better because it involves making connections and associations with real-life situations, which helps with retention and recall. The other strategies (creating acronyms, reading the textbook for the past three weeks, and cramming the night before) may not be as effective in retaining information for the long-term.

Question 2

Betty is writing reflections to connect what she is reading in her textbook and how it relates to information in her own life and experience. She is using the memory principle of
A) mnemonics
B) deep processing
C) distributed practice
D) cramming

Accepted Answer

Deep processing involves relating new information to one's own experiences and memories in order to create a more meaningful and lasting memory. Betty is doing just that by reflecting on how her textbook material connects to her own life and experience. This strategy can enhance learning and retention of information.

Question 3

Any research question can be answered by conducting a true experiment.

Accepted Answer

Some research questions cannot be answered by conducting a true experiment due to practical, ethical, or technical limitations. For example, it may not be possible to manipulate a certain variable or assign participants randomly to different groups. In such cases, alternative research designs, such as quasi-experiments or correlational studies, may need to be used.

Question 4

Which of the following has been on the rise in modern societies?
A) Underconsumption
B) Microscopic defects
C) Stronger community ties.
D) Materialism

Accepted Answer

Materialism has been on the rise in modern societies, as people increasingly prioritize acquiring material possessions and wealth. This trend is often linked to globalization, consumerism, and the rise of neoliberal economic policies.

Question 5

Which of the following is consistent with the information presented in the textbook regarding class attendance?
A) Among successful students (grade average B or better), class attendance did not seem to matter.
B) Among unsuccessful students (grade average C- or below), class attendance did not seem to matter.
C) Even when an instructor delivers hard-to-follow lectures, it is important for all students to go to class.
D) It is only important for all students to go to class when instructors provide well-organized lectures.

Accepted Answer

According to the information presented in the textbook, even when an instructor delivers hard-to-follow lectures, it is important for all students to go to class. The other choices - A, B, and D - are not consistent with the information presented in the textbook as they suggest that class attendance does not matter.

Question 6

A good reason for taking notes in your own words, rather than verbatim, is that
A) most lecturers ramble and are difficult to follow.
B) most lecturers use words you will not understand.
C) this reduces the likelihood that you will later engage in plagiarism.
D) this forces you to organize the information in a way that makes sense to you.

Accepted Answer

Taking notes in your own words forces you to process and organize the information in a way that makes sense to you. This can aid in retention and understanding of the material. It also reduces the temptation to plagiarize since you are not copying directly from the source material.

Question 7

We live in an era of extraordinary affluence thanks in large part to technological advances, and yet most people do not feel very good about their__________ .
A) financial well-being.
B) friends and family.
C) transportation options.
D) careers

Accepted Answer

The question mentions that we live in an era of extraordinary affluence, but most people do not feel very good about their financial well-being. This suggests that A is the correct choice. B, C, and D are not mentioned in the question.

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT an explanation described in the textbook that has been offered to explain the paradox of progress?
A) The mental demands of modern life have become so complex, confusing, and contradictory that most of us are "in over our heads."
B) Individuals become more easily bored now than ever before because technological advances have made modern life too easy for us.
C) Individuals spend more time with technology and less time with others, which has left an increasing number of people suffering from an intimacy deficit.
D) Individuals in modern consumer societies suffer from "affluenza," which undermines our physical health and emotional well-being.

Accepted Answer

"Individuals become more easily bored now than ever before because technological advances have made modern life too easy for us" is not an explanation described in the textbook for the paradox of progress.

Question 9

When a question occurs to you during a lecture, you should
A) ask it during class.
B) ask a classmate about it after class.
C) write it down and ask the instructor after class.
D) not ask it, since this would interrupt the lecturer.

Accepted Answer

Asking the question during class allows for immediate clarification and benefits other students who may have the same question.

Question 10

When course material is especially difficult, it is a good idea to prepare for lectures by
A) reading ahead on the subject of the lecture.
B) asking fellow classmates to explain the material to you.
C) writing down questions that you can ask the instructor later.
D) writing down exact words the instructor says.

Accepted Answer

Reading ahead on the subject of the lecture will give you a better understanding of the difficult material and help you follow along during the lecture. It will also allow you to ask more intelligent questions during the lecture for clarification. Asking fellow classmates to explain the material may not always yield accurate or helpful explanations, and writing down exact words the instructor says may not be as useful as understanding the concepts being discussed. Writing down questions for the instructor is also helpful, but it is most effective when you have a basic understanding of the material already.

Question 11

Which one of the following is NOT included in active listening?
A) Focusing attention on the speaker.
B) Asking those around you for clarification.
C) Anticipating what is coming next in the lecture.
D) Paying attention to the speaker's nonverbal signals.

Accepted Answer

Active listening involves focusing on the speaker, paying attention to both verbal and nonverbal cues, and anticipating the direction of the conversation or lecture. Asking those around you for clarification, however, is not a component of active listening, as it involves external interaction rather than direct engagement with the speaker.

Question 12

Which of the following best summarizes the philosophy of the textbook?
A) Reading this textbook will be a revelatory experience that will help you achieve tranquility.
B) Accurate knowledge about the principles of psychology can be of value to you in everyday life.
C) This textbook is best described as a self-help book in that it offers do-it-yourself treatments for achieving happiness.
D) All of these.

Accepted Answer

The philosophy of the textbook is to provide accurate knowledge about the principles of psychology that can be of value to readers in everyday life. The other choices are not accurate as the textbook does not claim to be a revelatory experience, does not offer do-it-yourself treatments for achieving happiness, and does not encompass all of the above.

Question 13

For the most part, self-realization programs are_____ .
A) harmless scams.
B) money-making schemes.
C) intellectually bankrupt.
D) all of these.

Accepted Answer

Self-realization programs are often criticized for being scams, focusing on making money, and lacking intellectual substance, which makes all of the given options correct.

Question 14

In taking lecture notes, you should take down everything exactly as said by your professor.

Accepted Answer

Taking down everything exactly as said by the professor may not be feasible or necessary. It is important to listen and summarize the key points, ideas, and concepts in your own words. This helps in better understanding and retention of the material.

Question 15

It seems as though more and more students use laptops to take notes in class rather than by shorthand. Which of the following suggestions would BEST allow students to remember more information after their class lectures?
A) Type as quickly as possible.
B) Keep the professor's words accurate.
C) Type only key words and highlights of the lecture.
D) Keep a browser window open to cross-check information.

Accepted Answer

Typing only key words and highlights forces students to actively listen and summarize the information, improving retention and understanding. Typing as quickly as possible may lead to errors and a lack of focus on the material. Keeping the professor's words accurate is important, but typing every single word may not be necessary or helpful. Keeping a browser window open can be distracting and may lead to multitasking, which can decrease retention of information.

Question 16

Empiricism is the premise that_____ should be acquired through_____ .
A) knowledge; observation.
B) science; speculation.
C) hypotheses; control groups.
D) data; experiences.

Accepted Answer

Empiricism is based on the idea that knowledge should be acquired through observation and experience, rather than speculation or theory. This means that the best way to gain knowledge is through direct observation of the world, rather than relying on abstract or philosophical concepts. Empiricists believe that knowledge is based on experience, and that this experience can be accumulated by observing and testing the world around us. This approach is commonly used in scientific research, where data is gathered through observation and experimentation to test hypotheses and theories.

Question 17

Psychologists base their conclusions on__________ .
A) reasoning, speculation, and common sense.
B) formal, systematic, objective tests of their hypotheses.
C) traditional beliefs.
D) all of these.

Accepted Answer

Psychologists base their conclusions on formal, systematic, objective tests of their hypotheses. They use scientific methods to gather data, analyze it, and draw conclusions based on evidence rather than assumptions or common sense.

Question 18

Which of the following is a mnemonic device?
A) Link method.
B) Method of loci.
C) Acrostics.
D) All of these.

Accepted Answer

All of these options are mnemonic devices. The link method involves creating associations between items by linking mental images, the method of loci involves associating items with specific locations in a familiar environment, and acrostics involve using the first letter of each word to create a memorable phrase or sentence.

Question 19

Individuals who score high in materialism tend to report somewhat higher levels of subjective well-being than individuals who score low in materialism.

Accepted Answer

Research generally shows that high levels of materialism are associated with lower levels of subjective well-being, as materialistic individuals often prioritize external rewards over intrinsic satisfaction, which can lead to decreased happiness and well-being.

Question 20

Which of the following is NOT one of the tips for getting more out of lectures?
A) Ask questions in class.
B) Actively listen to the lecture.
C) Pay attention to the instructor's nonverbal signals.
D) Try to use the instructor's words when taking notes in class.

Accepted Answer

All of the other options listed are tips for getting more out of lectures, such as engaging with the material by actively listening, asking questions to clarify understanding, and paying attention to nonverbal cues from the instructor. Using the instructor's words when taking notes is also a helpful tip, but it is not the correct answer to this question.

Quiz 1: Adjusting to Modern Life

Suppose the following four students are studying for Monday's short-answer and essay-response exam. Based on their study strategies, which of the following students is MOST likely to remember course material on the final exam?

Betty is writing reflections to connect what she is reading in her textbook and how it relates to information in her own life and experience. She is using the memory principle of

Any research question can be answered by conducting a true experiment.

Which of the following has been on the rise in modern societies?

Which of the following is consistent with the information presented in the textbook regarding class attendance?

A good reason for taking notes in your own words, rather than verbatim, is that

We live in an era of extraordinary affluence thanks in large part to technological advances, and yet most people do not feel very good about their__________ .

Which of the following is NOT an explanation described in the textbook that has been offered to explain the paradox of progress?

When a question occurs to you during a lecture, you should

When course material is especially difficult, it is a good idea to prepare for lectures by

Which one of the following is NOT included in active listening?

Which of the following best summarizes the philosophy of the textbook?

For the most part, self-realization programs are_____ .

In taking lecture notes, you should take down everything exactly as said by your professor.

It seems as though more and more students use laptops to take notes in class rather than by shorthand. Which of the following suggestions would BEST allow students to remember more information after their class lectures?

Empiricism is the premise that_ should be acquired through_ .

Psychologists base their conclusions on__________ .

Which of the following is a mnemonic device?

Individuals who score high in materialism tend to report somewhat higher levels of subjective well-being than individuals who score low in materialism.

Which of the following is NOT one of the tips for getting more out of lectures?