Question 1

The take-away point of the Spotlight on Research study in this chapter is that_____ .

Accepted Answer

The take-away point of the Spotlight on Research study in this chapter is that scientific evidence continues to illustrate that MMR vaccinations do not cause Autism.

Question 2

Children with autism spectrum disorder often repeat exactly what someone else has said. This is called

Accepted Answer

The behavior described, of repeating exactly what someone else has said, is known as echolalia and is a common symptom of autism spectrum disorder. Choices A, C, and D are all related to autism spectrum disorder but do not specifically describe the behavior of repeating someone else's words.

Question 3

Marijuana use during adolescence may precipitate schizophrenia in people who have a genetic predisposition.

Accepted Answer

There is evidence to suggest that marijuana use during adolescence can increase the risk of developing schizophrenia, particularly in those who have a genetic predisposition to the disorder. However, it is important to note that not everyone who uses marijuana will develop schizophrenia and other factors, such as environment and individual biology, also play a role in the development of the disorder.

Question 4

Mark has been diagnosed as schizophrenic. It is most likely that

Accepted Answer

Schizophrenia is a complex disorder that is believed to be caused by a combination of genetic, environmental, and brain chemistry factors. While genetic vulnerability and high-stress situations can play a role, research has shown that family dynamics, particularly critical and hostile family environments, can also contribute to the development of schizophrenia. Therefore, all of these factors are likely to have contributed to Mark's diagnosis.

Question 5

Autism spectrum disorder causes seem to be related to

Accepted Answer

While the causes of autism spectrum disorder are not yet fully understood, research suggests that genetic factors play a significant role in its development. Mercury in childhood vaccinations, cold aloof parenting, and children's need for stricter guidelines in behavior have been popularly suggested as causes, but there is insufficient scientific evidence to support these claims.

Question 6

Which of the following statements regarding the etiology of schizophrenia is supported by research?

Accepted Answer

Research suggests that genetics plays a role in the development of schizophrenia, with some individuals inheriting a genetically transmitted vulnerability to the disorder. However, concordance rates for schizophrenia are not virtually 100% for identical twins, and there is no evidence for a recessive gene or a 90% certainty that a child will develop schizophrenia if both parents have the disorder.

Question 7

Estimates of the lifetime prevalence of personality disorders is approximately

Accepted Answer

The lifetime prevalence of personality disorders is estimated to be around 12%. While specific rates vary depending on the study and diagnostic criteria used, research suggests that personality disorders are relatively common in the general population.

Question 8

Prenatal complications that are related to the likelihood of schizophrenia in the child include

Accepted Answer

Prenatal complications such as extreme stress, malnutrition, and neurological damage have all been associated with an increased likelihood of schizophrenia in the child. Therefore, the best choice is D, all of the above.

Question 9

The neurodevelopmental hypothesis of schizophrenia is supported by increases in schizophrenia incidence with all of the following except

Accepted Answer

All of the options listed (A, B, and C) support the neurodevelopmental hypothesis of schizophrenia, indicating that factors such as prenatal neurological damage, prenatal malnutrition, and obstetrical complications, which can lead to slight anatomical defects, are associated with an increased incidence of schizophrenia.

Question 10

Diana is referred to by her friends as a "drama queen" and cannot control her emotions. In class she is often attention-seeking with her professors and flirtatious with classmates. Her personality appears MOST consistent with which of the personality clusters?

Accepted Answer

Diana's behavior of being attention-seeking and flirtatious, along with her inability to control her emotions, suggest that her personality fits into the dramatic-impulsive cluster of personality disorders.

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT one of the clusters of personality disorders included in the DSM-5?

Accepted Answer

The clusters of personality disorders included in the DSM-5 are dramatic-impulsive, odd-eccentric, and anxious-fearful. There is no cluster called agreeable-extraverted.

Question 12

Research findings indicate that the_____ larger in schizophrenic patients than in normal control subjects.

Accepted Answer

Research findings have consistently shown that the ventricles, which are the fluid-filled spaces in the brain, are larger in individuals with schizophrenia compared to normal control subjects. This is believed to be due to a loss of brain tissue and/or abnormalities in the development of the brain during fetal development. The other answer choices are not consistently associated with schizophrenia in research literature.

Question 13

Tommy is known for his impulsive job-hopping and relationship-hopping. He is a charismatic, but intense person, and his moodiness often gets him in trouble at work. Tommy is demonstrating symptoms of_____ personality disorder.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Tommy is known for his impulsive job-hopping...

Question 14

The Spotlight on Research study by Jain and colleagues (2015) revealed that the risk for autism was higher among those who were vaccinated; thereby, supporting the suspicions voiced in popular media.

Accepted Answer

The statement is not true. The Spotlight on Research study by Jain and colleagues did not find evidence that vaccinations increased the risk for autism. In fact, the study found that there was no association between vaccination and the risk for autism.

Question 15

Which of the following has been identified as a major factor in the etiology of schizophrenia?

Accepted Answer

Excess dopamine activity has been identified as a major factor in the etiology of schizophrenia.

Question 16

Personality disorders tend to emerge during adolescence or early adulthood.

Accepted Answer

Personality disorders typically develop and are diagnosed during adolescence or early adulthood, although some symptoms or traits may be present before this time.

Question 17

With early intervention, children with autism spectrum disorder can live independently in adulthood at a rate of

Accepted Answer

With early intervention, a significant number of children with autism spectrum disorder can improve their abilities to live independently as adults, but the percentage is not as high as 50% or more. The correct range is 15 to 20%, reflecting the variability in outcomes based on the individual and the interventions received.

Question 18

The prognosis is poorer for schizophrenics who return to families characterized by_____ expressed emotion.

Accepted Answer

High expressed emotion in families refers to excessive criticism, hostility, or emotional overinvolvement. It has been found to be a significant predictor of relapse for individuals with schizophrenia. Therefore, the prognosis is poorer for schizophrenics who return to families with high expressed emotion.

Question 19

The Spotlight on Research study showed that those high-risk children (i.e., who had an older sibling with Autism Spectrum Disorder) and were vaccinated had a(n)__________ .

Accepted Answer

The answer of The Spotlight on Research study showed that...

Question 20

Which disorder is characterized by profound impairment of social interaction and communication and by severely restricted interest and activities, apparent by the age of 3 years?

Accepted Answer

Autism is a developmental disorder that is characterized by problems with social interaction and communication, along with restricted and repetitive behaviors or interests. The symptoms typically become apparent by the age of 3 years. The other options (B, C, and D) are not valid choices as they do not accurately describe the characteristic symptoms of autism.

Quiz 14: Psychological Disorders